Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Paperback)

1 DNA replication and repair.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Replication of DNA.- 1.3 Proofreading during DNA synthesis.- 1.4 Mutation and repair of DNA.- 1.5 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 2 Roles of RNA.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Ribosomal RNA.- 2.3 Transfer RNA.- 2.4 Small nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs.- 2.5 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 3 Transcription and the genetic code.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Transcription: the basics.- 3.3 Transcription in prokaryotes.- 3.4 Transcription in eukaryotes.- 3.5 Reverse transcription.- 3.6 The genetic code.- 3.7 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 4 Protein biosynthesis.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Messenger RNA (mRNA).- 4.3 Transfer RNA (tRNA) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.- 4.4 The ribosome cycle.- 4.5 Fidelity of translation.- 4.6 Post-translational modifications.- 4.7 Inhibitors of translation.- 4.8 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 5 Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 mRNA processing.- 5.3 Transport of processed mRNA to the cytoplasm.- 5.4 Post-translational modifications of proteins.- 5.5 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 6 Induction and repression.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The lactose operon.- 6.3 Catabolite repression.- 6.4 The tryptophan operon.- 6.5 Attenuation.- 6.6 Positive and negative control.- 6.7 The arabinose operon.- 6.8 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 7 The eukaryotic chromosome.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Size of eukaryotic genomes: the C-value paradox.- 7.3 Specialized regions of chromosomes.- 7.4 Gene expression in eukaryotes.- 7.5 Levels of control of gene expression in eukaryotes.- 7.6 Control of transcription of eukaryotic genes.- 7.7 Mechanisms of transcription initiation.- 7.8 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 8 Mutation.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Mutation at the level of DNA.- 8.3 Mutant characters and mutant proteins.- 8.4 Spontaneous mutations.- 8.5 Induced mutations.- 8.6 Selection of mutants.- 8.7 Mechanisms to counter mutation.- 8.8 Uses of mutations.- 8.9 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 9 Recombinant DNA technology.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Transformation, plasmids and restriction endonucleases.- 9.3 Genetic engineering.- 9.4 Cloning of genes.- 9.5 DNA sequencing.- 9.6 Applications of genetic engineering.- 9.7 Recombinant DNA in forensic science.- 9.8 Prenatal diagnosis of human inherited genetic disorders.- 9.9 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- 10 Cell culture and biotechnology.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The beginnings of animal and plant cell culture.- 10.3 Animal cell culture.- 10.4 Plant cell culture.- 10.5 The scale-up of animal and plant cell cultures.- 10.6 Animal cell products.- 10.7 Plant cell products.- 10.8 Overview.- Answers to exercises.- Questions.- Answers to questions.