2018 위험물기능사 필기

^^Part 01 화재 예방 및 소화 방법^^

제 1 장 일반 화학

1. 원소 주기율표 ·····························12
1-1 원소의 주기율 ···················12
1-2 IUPAC(국제 순수 및 응용화학 연합) 원소 기호 명명법 ··13
1-3 화학 기호 ···························14
1-4 원자량, 분자량, 화학식량 ··15
1-5 유기화합물 명명법 ············20

2. 물질의 상태와 화학적 성질 ······22
2-1 물체와 물질 ························22
2-2 물질의 상태 ·······················24
2-3 열 ········································24

3. 원자.분자 및 이온 ···················32
3-1 원자와 그램원자 ················32
3-2 분자와 그램분자 ···············33
3-3 이온 ····································34
3-4 기체의 분자량 측정법 ······35
3-5 화학 반응식 ·······················36
3-6 열역학의 법칙 ···················37

4. 기체.액체.고체 ·······················43
4-1 기 체 ···································43
4-2 액 체 ··································44
4-3 고 체 ··································45

5. 용 액 ············································49
5-1 용액과 용해도 ····················49
5-2 용액의 농도 ·······················50

제 2 장 화재 및 소화

1. 연 소 ············································54
1-1 연소의 정의 ························54
1-2 연소의 3요소 ·····················54
1-3 고온체의 색깔과 온도 ·······56

2. 연소 및 위험도 ···························60
2-1 용어의 정의 ························60
2-2 연소 범위 ···························62
2-3 위험도 ································62

3. 위험물의 연소형태와 분류 ········66
3-1 연소의 분류 ························66
3-2 기체의 연소 ·······················66
3-3 액체의 연소 ·······················67
3-4 고체의 연소 ·······················68

4. 자연발화 ······································71
4-1 자연발화 ·····························71
4-2 자연발화 조건 ···················71
4-3 영향을 주는 여러 가지 요인··71
4-4 자연발화 방지법 ···············72
4-5 혼합발화 ····························72

5. 폭 발 ·············································75
5-1 폭 발 ···································75
5-2 폭 연 ··································75
5-3 폭 굉 ··································75
5-4 폭발의 성장 ·······················76
5-5 폭발의 원인 ·······················76
5-6 폭발의 종류 ·······················78

제 3 장 화재 예방 및 소화 방법

1. 소화 이론 ·····································83
1-1 소 화 ···································83
1-2 소화의 방법 ························83
1-3 소화 작용 ···························84
1-4 화재의 분류 및 특성 ·········86

2. 위험물의 화재 예방 및 소화 방법··89
2-1 제1류 위험물 ······················89
2-2 제2류 위험물 ·····················90
2-3 제3류 위험물 ·····················90
2-4 제4류 위험물 ·····················91
2-5 제5류 위험물 ·····················92
2-6 제6류 위험물 ·····················92

^^Part 02 소화약제 및 소화기^^

제 1 장 소화약제

1. 소화약제의 종류 ························100
1-1 물소화약제 ························100
1-2 산.알칼리 소화약제 ·······101
1-3 강화액 소화약제 ··············101
1-4 이산화탄소(CO2) 소화약제 ··102
1-5 할로겐 화합물 소화약제 ··102
1-6 포소화약제 ························103
1-7 분말소화약제 ····················105
1-8 청정소화약제 ····················105

제 2 장 소화기
1. 소화기의 종류 및 특성 ·············112
1-1 소화기의 종류 ···················112
1-2 포말 소화기 ······················112
1-3 분말 소화기(드라이케미컬) ··114
1-4 할로겐 화합물 소화기(증발성 액체를 방사하는 소화기) ·····117
1-5 탄산가스(CO2) 소화기 ····119
1-6 물 소화기 ··························121
1-7 강화액 소화기 ··················121
1-8 산.알칼리 소화기 ··········122
1-9 간이 소화제 ······················123

제 3 장 소화 일반
1. 화재의 종류 및 소화기 ·············132
1-1 화재의 종류 및 적응 소화기··132
1-2 소화기 사용 및 관리 ·······133
1-3 소화기의 능력단위 ···········135

^^Part 03 소방시설의 설치 및 운영^^

제 1 장 소화설비의 설치 및 운영

1. 소화설비의 설치 및 운영 ·········140
1-1 소방시설 ····························140
1-2 특정 소방 대상물 ·············142
1-3 옥내소화전설비 ················142
1-4 옥외소화전설비 ·················143
1-5 스프링클러설비 ··················145
1-6 물분무소화설비 ·················146
1-7 포소화설비 ························153
1-8 분말소화설비 ····················161
1-9 이산화탄소 소화설비 ·······166
1-10 할론겐 화합물 소화설비 ··172

2. 소화용수설비 ·····························177
2-1 소화용수설비 ····················177
2-2 상수도 소화용수설비 설치 기준 ·····································177
2-3 소화수조.저수조 그 밖의 소화용수설비 ······················177

3. 소화활동설비 ·····························178
3-1 소화활동설비 ····················178
3-2 제연설비 ···························178
3-3 연결송수관설비 ················180
3-4 연결살수설비 ···················182
3-5 비상콘센트설비 ················183
3-6 무선통신보조설비 ············185
3-7 연소방지설비 ····················186

제 2 장 경보설비의 설치 및 운영

1. 경보설비의 설치 및 운영 ·········191
1-1 경보설비 ····························191
1-2 자동화재탐지설비 ············191
1-3 소방관서에 통보하는 화재속보설비 ·······························199
1-4 비상경보기구 또는 비상경보설비 ······································199
1-5 누전경보기 ························200
1-6 소방신호 ···························200

제 3 장 피난설비의 설치 및 운영

1. 피난설비의 설치 및 운영 ·········205
1-1 피난설비 ····························205
1-2 피난기구의 설치 대상 및 적응성·············································206
1-3 유도등 및 유도표지 ·········207

^^Part 04 위험물의 종류 및 성질^^

제 1 장 제1류 위험물

1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························214
1-1 아염소산염류 ····················216
1-2 염소산염류 ························216
1-3 과염소산염류 ····················218
1-4 무기과산화물 ····················220
1-5 브롬(취소)산염류 ·············223
1-6 질산염류 ···························224
1-7 요오드(옥소)산염류 ··········226
1-8 과망간산염류 ····················227
1-9 중크롬산염류 ····················228

제 2 장 제2류 위험물

1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························238
1-1 황화인 ································239
1-2 적린 ···································240
1-3 유황, 황 ····························241
1-4 철분 ···································242
1-5 금속분 ·······························243
1-6 마그네슘 ···························246
1-7 인화성 고체 ······················247

제 3 장 제3류 위험물

1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························254
1-1 칼륨, 칼리, 포타슘 ··········255
1-2 나트륨, 금속소다, 금조 ··256
1-3 알킬알루미늄 ····················257
1-4 알킬리튬 ···························258
1-5 황린, 인, 백린 ·················258
1-6 알칼리금속류 및 알칼리토 금속 ······································260
1-7 유기금속 화합물 ···············261
1-8 금속의 수소화물 ··············262
1-9 금속의 인화물 ··················263
1-10 칼슘 또는 알루미늄의 탄화물············································264

제 4 장 제4류 위험물

1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························274
1-1 특수 인화물 ······················276
1-2 제1석유류 ··························279
1-3 알코올류 ···························287
1-4 제2석유류 ·························289
1-5 제3석유류 ·························294
1-6 제4석유류 ·························297
1-7 동식물유류 ························298
1-8 특수 가연물 ······················299

제 5 장 제5류 위험물

1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························323
1-1 유기과산화물 ····················324
1-2 질산에스테르류 ················326
1-3 니트로화합물 ····················329
1-4 니트로소화합물 ················331
1-5 아조화합물 ························331
1-6 디아조화합물 ····················332
1-7 히드라진 유도체 ···············333
1-8 히드록실아민 ····················335
1-9 히드록실아민 염류 ···········335

제 6 장 제6류 위험물

1. 핵심 암기 사항 ··························344
1-1 과염소산 ····························345
1-2 과산화수소 ························346
1-3 질산 ···································347

^^Part 05 위험물 안전관리 및 기술 기준^^

제 1 장 위험물의 저장 . 취급 . 운반 . 운송 기준

1. 위험물의 저장.취급 기준 ·······356
1-1 위험물의 저장 및 취급 ····356
1-2 위험물의 취급 기준 ·········358
1-3 위험물의 저장.취급의 공통기준 ·····································358
1-4 관계인이 예방규정을 정하여야하는 제조소 등 ····················359
1-5 정기검사의 대상인 제조소 등················································359
1-6 위험물 안전관리자 ···········360
1-7 위험물시설의 설치 및 변경·············································360

2. 제조소 등에서의 위험물의 저장 및 취급에 관한 기준 ··················363
2-1 위험물 저장의 기준 ·······363
2-2 위험물 취급의 기준 ······365
2-3 위험물의 유별 저장?취급의 공통기준 ······························365

3. 위험물의 운반 기준 ··················368
3-1 운반용기 ···························368
3-2 적재방법 ·························368
3-3 운반용기 외부 표시 사항 ·369
3-4 운반용기 덮개 ················369
3-5 위험물의 위험등급 ··········370
3-6 운반용기의 최대용적 또는 중량 ·····································371
3-7 유별을 달리하는 위험물의 혼재 기준 ····························372

4. 위험물의 운송 기준 ··················376
4-1 위험물의 운송 ··················376
4-2 운송책임자의 감독 또는 지원 방법 ····························376
4-3 이동탱크저장소에 의한 위험물 운송 시 준수사항 ··377

제 2 장 제조소 등의 위치.구조.설비 기준

1. 제조소의 위치.구조.설비 기준··379
1-1 제조소의 안전거리(제6류 위험물 취급 제조소 제외) ·········379
1-2 제조소의 보유공지 ···········380
1-3 표지 및 게시판 ················381
1-4 위험물을 취급하는 건축물의 구조 ······································381
1-5 출입구 ·······························382
1-6 채광?조명 및 환기 설비 ··383
1-7 배출 설비 ··························383
1-8 정전기 제거설비 ··············384
1-9 피뢰설비 ···························384
1-10 위험물 취급 탱크 ··········384
1-11 위험물의 성질에 따른 제조소의 특례 ··················385

2. 옥내저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ··············································388
2-1 옥내저장소의 안전거리 ···388
2-2 옥내저장소의 보유공지 ···388
2-3 저장창고 ···························389
2-4 위험물 저장의 기준 ········390
2-5 위험물 저장 높이 ············391
2-6 지정과산화물의 옥내저장소·············································391
3. 옥내탱크저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ····································394
3-1 옥내탱크저장소의 기준 ···394
3-2 탱크전용실을 단층건물 외의 건축물에 설치하는 옥내탱크 저장소 ···························395

4. 옥외저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ··············································397
4-1 옥외저장소 안전거리 ·······397
4-2 옥외저장소의 설치 장소 ··397
4-3 보유공지 ···························397
4-4 옥외저장소 선반 설치 기준·············································397
4-5 옥외저장소 저장 대상 위험물 ·································398
4-6 덩어리 상태의 유황을 저장 또는 취급하는 옥외저장소 ··398

5. 옥외탱크저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ····································400
5-1 옥외탱크저장소 안전거리 400
5-2 보유공지 ···························400
5-3 옥외저장탱크의 외부 구조 및 설비 ································401
5-4 방유제 ·······························403
5-5 위험물의 성질에 따른 옥외 탱크저장소의 특례 ············404

6. 이동탱크저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ···································408
6-1 이동탱크저장소의 상치 장소·············································408
6-2 이동저장탱크의 구조 ····408
6-3 이동탱크저장소의 주입설비·············································410
6-4 컨테이너식 이동탱크저장소·············································410
6-5 주유탱크차 ·······················410
6-6 알킬알루미늄 등의 이동탱크 저장소 ·································411

7. 지하탱크저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ·····································414
7-1 지하탱크저장소의 설치 기준·············································414
7-2 탱크실의 누유검사관 ·······415
7-3 지하저장탱크의 과충전 방지장치 설치 기준 ····················415

8. 간이탱크저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ·····································417
8-1 간이탱크저장소 ·············· 417
8-2 간이저장탱크의 구조 ······417
8-3 간이탱크의 설치 기준 ····417
8-4 밸브 없는 통기관 ············417
8-5 대기밸브부착 통기관 ······418

9. 암반탱크저장소의 위치.구조.설비 기준 ·····································420
9-1 암반탱크저장소 ················420
9-2 암반탱크 설치 기준 ········420
9-3 암반탱크저장소 설치 시설 ·420

10. 저장탱크의 용량 계산 및 변형시험 ············································422
10-1 저장탱크의 용량 ············422
10-2 저장탱크의 공간용적 ·····423
10-3 저장탱크의 변형시험 ····423
10-4 저장탱크의 안전장치 ····424

11. 주유취급소의 위치.구조.설비기준 ··············································426
11-1 주유취급소 ······················426
11-2 주유공지 및 급유공지 ···426
11-3 주유취급소의 탱크 ·········426
11-4 주유취급소의 표지 및 게시판 ·································427
11-5 고정주유설비 등 ············427
11-6 고정주유설비의 펌프기기의 최대 토출량 ························428
11-7 셀프 주유취급소 ·············428
11-8 주유취급소의 건축물 등의 구조 ·····································429

12. 판매취급소의 위치.구조.설비기준 ··············································432
12-1 1종 판매취급소 ··············432
12-2 2종 판매취급소 ·············432

13. 이송취급소 ······························435
13-1 이송취급소 설치 금지장소 ·····································435
13-2 이송취급소 설치 장소 ··435
13-3 이송취급소 경보설비 ····435

14. 일반취급소 ······························438
14-1 일반취급소의 기준 ·········438

15. 위험물 제조소 등의 표지 및 게시판 ········································442
15-1 제조소 등의 표지판 및 게시판 ·································442
15-2 취급하는 위험물의 종류에 따른 주의사항 게시판 ·····443
15-3 이동탱크저장소의 표지 및 게시판 ·······························444
15-4 주유 중 엔진정지 게시판 ·445

제 3 장 소화설비, 경보설비 및 피난설비의 기준

1. 소화설비 ·····································448
1-1 소화설비 ··························448
1-2 소화설비의 설치기준 ·······451

2. 경보설비 ····································452
2-1 경보설비 ···························452

3. 피난설비 ····································453
3-1 피난설비 ···························453

부 록 : 과년도 출제문제
2013년도 시행 문제 ··············································458
2014년도 시행 문제 ··············································503
2015년도 시행 문제 ··············································544
2016년도 시행 문제 ··············································587^^