2020 컴퓨터응용가공산업기사 문제해설

제1편 기계 가공법 및 안전관리

제1장 기계 가공
1. 공작 기계 및 절삭제
1-1 기계공작 일반·················· 12
1-2 공작 기계의 종류 및 용도· ········ 14
1-3 절삭 저항······················ 16
1-4 절삭 공구와 공구 재료············ 19
1-5 절삭유 및 윤활제················ 29
2. 기계 가공
2-1 선반 가공······················ 32
2-2 밀링 가공······················ 47
2-3 연삭 가공······················ 64
2-4 드릴링 가공···················· 79
2-5 보링 가공······················ 85
2-6 브로칭 가공···················· 87
2-7 기어 가공······················ 89
2-8 정밀 입자 가공················· 93
2-9 특수 가공······················ 96

제2장 측정, 손다듬질 가공 및 안전관리
1. 측정 및 손다듬질 가공
1-1 측정의 기초··················· 100
1-2 길이 측정····················· 101
1-3 각도 측정····················· 110
1-4 테이퍼 측정··················· 112
1-5 형상, 위치 측정················ 113
1-6 윤곽 측정····················· 114
1-7 표면 거칠기 측정··············· 115
2. 기계 안전 작업
2-1 공작 기계의 안전 수칙··········· 116
2-2 선반 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 117
2-3 밀링 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 118
2-4 연삭 작업의 안전 수칙··········· 119
2-5 드릴링 작업의 안전 수칙········· 120
2-6 전기 용접의 안전 수칙··········· 121
2-7 수공구 안전 수칙··············· 121

제2편 기계 재료

제1장 기계 재료의 성질 및 분류
1. 기계 재료의 일반적 성질
1-1 금속의 성질··················· 126
1-2 금속의 결정과 합금 조직········· 129
1-3 금속의 가공··················· 132

제2장 철강 재료의 기본 특성과 용도
1. 탄소강과 주철
1-1 철과 강· ····················· 134
1-2 철강 재료의 분류··············· 136
1-3 탄소강······················· 138
1-4 주철························· 144
2. 합금강
2-1 합금강의 개요················· 147
2-2 구조용 합금강················· 150
2-3 공구용 합금강················· 151
2-4 특수 용도 합금강··············· 154

제3장 비철금속 재료의 기본 특성과 용도
1. 비철금속 재료
1-1 알루미늄과 그 합금············· 156
1-2 구리와 그 합금················ 160

2. 기타 비철금속과 그 합금
2-1 베어링 합금··················· 165
2-2 기타 합금····················· 166

제4장 열처리와 신소재
1 열처리
1-1 일반 열처리··················· 168
1-2 항온 열처리··················· 173
1-3 표면 경화법··················· 175
2. 신소재

제3편 기계 설계

제1장 재료의 강도 및 변형
1. 기계요소 설계의 기초
1-1 하중························· 184
1-2 응력························· 185
1-3 변형률······················· 186
1-4 허용 응력과 안전율············· 188

제2장 체결용 기계요소
1. 나사, 볼트, 너트
1-1 나사························· 190
1-2 볼트························· 194
2. 키, 핀, 코터
2-1 키·························· 197
2-2 핀·························· 202
2-3 코터························· 203
3. 리벳, 용접
3-1 리벳························· 204
3-2 용접························· 209

제3장 동력 전달용 기계요소
1. 축, 축이음, 베어링
1-1 축·························· 212
1-2 축이음······················· 218
1-3 베어링과 저널················· 219
2. 기어, 벨트, 로프, 체인
2-1 전동용 기계요소··············· 225
2-2 마찰차······················· 226
2-3 기어 전동 장치················ 229
2-4 벨트 전동 장치················ 235
2-5 로프 전동 장치················ 239
2-6 체인 전동 장치················ 240

제4장 완충 및 제동용 기계요소
1. 스프링, 브레이크, 캠
1-1 스프링······················· 242
1-2 브레이크····················· 247
1-3 캠·························· 250

제4편 컴퓨터 응용 가공

제1장 CAD/CAM 시스템
1. CAD/CAM 시스템의 개요
1-1 CAD/CAM/CAE··············· 252
1-2 NC의 발달과정에 따른 시스템····· 254
2. CAD/CAM 시스템의 구성
2-1 컴퓨터의 기능과 구성· ·········· 257
2-2 하드웨어 구성 요소············· 257
2-3 소프트웨어 구성 요소· ·········· 263
3. CAD 데이터 표준
3-1 CAD/CAM 인터페이스· ········· 266
3-2 컴퓨터의 데이터 통신· ·········· 271

제2장 컴퓨터 그래픽 기초
1. 기하학적 도형의 정의와 처리
1-1 도형의 정의와 변환············· 272
2. CAD 모델링을 위한 좌표 변환
2-1 도형의 좌표 변환··············· 275
2-2 벡터························· 285
3. CAD 모델링을 위한 기초수학 및 디스플레이
3-1 모델링의 그래픽 기법· ·········· 289
3-2 렌더링 기법··················· 289

제3장 형상 모델링
1. CAD 모델의 종류 및 모델링 방법
1-1 3차원 모델링의 기법············ 290
2. 곡선 표현
2-1 도형의 정의··················· 302
2-2 자유 곡선의 정의··············· 305
3. 곡면 표현
3-1 곡면의 작성··················· 316
3-2 용도에 따른 곡면··············· 319

제4장 CAM 가공
1. CAM 가공 일반
1-1 CAM 시스템을 이용한 가공······· 320
1-2 2D, 3D 모델링 및 NC 데이터 생성 과정····················· 321

제5편 기계 제도

제1장 기계 제도 일반
1. 제도의 기본
1-1 제도 통칙····················· 332
1-2 도면의 크기와 양식············· 333
1-3 도면의 척도··················· 336
1-4 제도의 선····················· 337
2. 투상법
2-1 정투상법· ···················· 340
2-2 투상도의 표시 방법············· 342
3. 단면도
3-1 전 단면도····················· 347
3-2 한쪽 단면도··················· 348
3-3 부분 단면도··················· 348
3-4 회전 도시 단면도··············· 348
3-5 길이 방향으로 절단하지 않는 제품·349
4. 치수
4-1 치수 기입····················· 351
4-2 치수 기입의 방법··············· 352
4-3 재료 표시법··················· 359
5. 표면 거칠기와 표면의 결
5-1 표면 거칠기··················· 363
5-2 표면 프로파일 파라미터·········· 364
5-3 표면의 결 지시 방법············ 366
6. 치수 공차와 끼워맞춤 공차
6-1 치수 공차····················· 372
6-2 기본 공차····················· 376
6-3 끼워맞춤 공차················· 377
6-4 상용하는 끼워맞춤·············· 378
6-5 끼워맞춤 상태에 따른 분류······· 380
6-6 공차 표시 방법················ 380
7. 기하 공차
7-1 기하 공차의 필요성············· 382
7-2 데이텀 도시 방법··············· 384
8. 최대 실체 공차 방식
8-1 최대 실체 공차 방식의 의미······· 388
8-2 최대 실체 치수와 최소 실체 치수·· 388
9. 스케치도 작성법
9-1 스케치의 필요성과 원칙·········· 390
9-2 스케치 방법··················· 390
9-3 스케치의 작성 순서············· 391

제2장 기계요소의 제도
1. 결합용 기계요소
1-1 나사의 제도··················· 392
1-2 핀의 제도····················· 396
1-3 리벳의 제도··················· 397
2. 축에 관한 요소
2-1 축의 제도····················· 399
2-2 베어링의 제도················· 400
3. 운동용 기계요소
3-1 스퍼 기어의 제도··············· 403
3-2 베벨 기어의 제도··············· 404
3-3 웜 기어의 제도················ 405

제6편 CNC 공작법

제1장 CNC의 개요
1. CNC 공작 기계
1-1 CNC 공작 기계의 개요·········· 408
1-2 NC의 발전 과정················ 408
2. CNC 공작 기계의 구조

제2장 CNC 공작 기계의 제어 방식
1. CNC 시스템의 구성
2. NC 제어 방식
2-1 NC 제어 방식················· 412
2-2 NC 펄스 분배 방식············· 412
3. 서보 기구
3-1 서보 기구 방식················ 414

제3장 CNC 공작 기계 가공
1. CNC 선반 프로그래밍과 가공
1-1 프로그램의 용어··············· 416
1-2 프로그램의 기초··············· 419
1-3 홀더 및 인서트 형번 표기법······· 431
1-4 좌푯값 지령 방법··············· 433
1-5 프로그램 원점과 좌표계 설정····· 434
1-6 프로그래밍 구성 ··············· 436
2. 머시닝 센터 프로그래밍과 가공
2-1 좌표 지령····················· 444
2-2 원호 가공····················· 445
2-3 나사 절삭····················· 447
2-4 원점 복귀····················· 448
2-5 좌표계 설정··················· 449
2-6 공구 교환····················· 451
2-7 공구 보정····················· 451
2-8 고정 사이클··················· 454
2-9 절삭 조건····················· 457
3. 기타 CNC 공작 기계
3-1 CNC 방전 가공기·············· 459
3-2 방전 가공 기술················ 460
3-3 공작물의 예비 가공 및 고정······· 461
3-4 CNC 와이어 컷 방전 가공기······ 463
3-5 세컨드 컷 가공················ 465

제4장 작업 안전
1. CNC 공작 기계의 작업 안전
1-1 CNC 공작 기계 작업 시 주의 사항·466

부록 - 과년도 출제 문제

2013년 시행 문제···································································470
2014년 시행 문제···································································511
2015년 시행 문제···································································549
2016년 시행 문제···································································589
2017년 시행 문제···································································627
2018년 시행 문제···································································666
2019년 시행 문제···································································709