Numerical Modeling for Cyclic Freeze-Thaw Damages in Concrete Structures

1.INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
OVJECTIVES AND ORGAMIAZTION OF THE RESEARCH
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.THE BASIC THERMODYNAMIC CONCEPTS
ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY
CHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF ICE AND WATER IN POROUS SYSTEMS

3.FREEZING AND MICRO STRUCTURE
HYDRATION AND MICRO STRUCTURE IN DUCOM
MODEL FOR MORTAR
ICE FORMATION

4.DAMAGE IN CONCRETE BY FREEZE-THAW
DRIVING FORCE
SATURATION AND FREEZING EXPANSION PRESSURE
ENTRAINED AIR PORES IN CONCRETE AND FREEZE-THAW
PROPOSED ENTRAINED AIR POR MODEL RESISTING FREEZE-THAW

5.DEVELOPED NUMERICAL MODEL
NONLINEAR CONSTITUTIVE FELATIONS
MICRO CRACKING MOEDEL

6.STRAIN DEFPRMATION IN NUMERRICAL CODE
STRAIN DEFORMATION IN NUMERICAL CODE
COMPUTATIONAL MOEDL:SUBROUTINE FREEZEMECH.FOR

7.SIMULATION RESULTS FOR FREEZING
THE EFFECT OF THE CONTENT OF CHLORIDE
THE EFFECT OF WATER TO CEMENT RATIO
THE EFFECT OF ENTERAINED AIR PORES
THE INCREASED PORES
THE INCREASED PORE VOLUMES

8.PROBABILISTIC PREDICTION OF CYCLIC FREEZE-THAW DAMAGE
LIMIT STATE FUNCTION AND RELIABILITY
LIMIT STATE FUNCTION
RELIABILITY INDEX
CORRELATION
RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD

9.DETERIORATION PREDICTION EQUATION BY RSM
CYCLIC FREEZE-THAW MODEL
LIMIT STATES FOR DEGRADATION BY CYCLIC FREEZE-THAW

10.CONCLUSIONS

11.REFERRENCES