현대 한국 사회와 정부 조직 관리

제1장 정부 조직의 이해 ································································· 1
제1절 현대 사회와 정부 조직 ····························································· 3
1. 현대 사회의 특징 ······································································ 3
2. 현대 사회의 정부 조직 ······························································ 6
3. 대한민국 정부 조직의 현실 ······················································· 9
제2절 정부 조직의 의의 ···································································· 15
제3절 정부 조직의 특징 ···································································· 18
1. 정부 조직의 가치 지향성 ························································ 18
2. 정부 조직의 행정 이념 ···························································· 19
제4절 정부 조직이 지녀야 할 가치와 철학 ······································· 23
제5절 정부 조직의 분화와 운영 ························································ 28
1. 정부 조직의 수평적 분화 ························································ 28
2. 정부 조직의 운영 ···································································· 30

제2장 정부 조직의 가치와 철학 ·················································· 33
제1절 정부 조직의 공적 가치 ··························································· 35
제2절 정부 조직의 가치관 경영 ························································ 40
제3절 공직 윤리와 행정 가치 ··························································· 43
1. 공직 윤리의 개념 ···································································· 43
2. 공직 윤리의 행정철학적 함의 ·················································· 45
3. 공직 윤리와 행정 가치 간의 관계 ··········································· 46
4. 공직 윤리와 전문직업주의 ······················································· 47
제4절 책임과 공직 윤리 ···································································· 48

제3장 정부 조직관리와 조직이론 ················································ 59
제1절 과학적 관리론 ······································································· 61
1 내용 ··························································································· 61
2. 평가 ························································································· 64
제2절 행정 조직 원리론 ···································································· 65
1. 의의 ························································································· 65
2. 주요 이론 및 원리 ·································································· 66
3. 평가 ························································································· 72
제3절 관료제론 ·················································································· 73
1. 의의 ························································································· 73
2. 관료제 이념형 ·········································································· 74
3. 평가 ························································································· 79
제4절 고전적 조직 구조론의 평가 ····················································· 80
제5절 신고전적 조직이론 ·································································· 83
1. 호손 연구 ················································································ 84
2. 버나드의 조직이론 ··································································· 87
3. 고전적 인간관계론의 평가 ······················································· 92
제6절 현대 조직이론 ········································································· 95
1. 행태론적 조직이론 ··································································· 95
2. 생태론적 조직이론 ··································································· 96
3. 체계론적 조직이론 ··································································· 97
4. 상황론적 조직이론 ··································································· 98
5. 발전론적 조직이론 ··································································· 99
6. 신행정학적 조직이론 ······························································ 100
7. 신공공관리론적 조직이론 ······················································· 100
8. 공공 서비스론적 조직이론 ····················································· 101

제4장 조직 구조 설계와 변수 ···················································· 105
제1절 조직 구조의 의의와 특성 ···················································· 107
1. 의의 ······················································································· 107
2. 조직 구조의 기능 ·································································· 109
3. 조직 구조의 기본적 특성 ······················································ 110
제2절 조직 구조의 결정 요인: 상황 변수 및 맥락 요인 ················ 115
1. 조직 규모 ·············································································· 116
2. 기술 ······················································································· 119
3. 환경 ······················································································· 126
4. 권력과 정치 ··········································································· 127
5. 전략적 선택 ··········································································· 129

제5장 조직 설계와 구조 ······························································ 135
제1절 조직 설계의 의의 ·································································· 137
제2절 조직 설계의 형태 ·································································· 139
1. 단순 구조 ·············································································· 139
2. 기계적 관료제 ········································································ 142
3. 전문관료제 ············································································· 144
4. 사업부제 구조 ········································································ 146
5. 애드호크라시 ·········································································· 149

제6장 신뢰받는 정부 조직과 공직 윤리 ··································· 157
제1절 신뢰받는 정부 조직 ······························································· 159
제2절 윤리의 유형과 개념 ······························································· 163
1. 윤리학의 유형 ········································································ 163
2. 윤리의 개념 ··········································································· 164
제3절 공직자의 이해 관계 유형 ······················································ 166
1. 뇌물 수수 ·············································································· 166
2. 지위 남용 ·············································································· 167
3. 정보 유출 ·············································································· 167
4. 금융 거래 ·············································································· 168
5. 선물과 향응 ··········································································· 168
6. 외부 취업 ·············································································· 169
7. 미래 취업 ·············································································· 169
8. 친척과의 거래 ········································································ 170
제4절 공중의 신뢰 유지 ·································································· 171
제5절 투명성 ················································································· 173

제7장 지방정부 조직과 주민 간의 협력 전략 ························· 177
제1절 지방화와 지방정부 ································································ 179
제2절 지방정부와 주민 간의 관계 ··················································· 180
1. 지방정부의 의미 ···································································· 181
2. 주민의 의미 ··········································································· 182
3. 지방정부와 주민 간 관계 모형 ·············································· 183
제3절 지방정부와 주민 간의 협력 전략 ·········································· 191
1. 협력 전략의 의의 ·································································· 191
2. 협력 전략의 유형 ·································································· 196
3. 협력 전략의 방향 ·································································· 202

제8장 정부 조직과 참여관리 ······················································ 205
제1절 참여관리 ················································································ 207
1. 참여관리의 의의 ···································································· 207
2. 효과적인 조직 유형 ······························································· 209
제2절 주민 참여 ·············································································· 212
1. 주민 참여의 의의 ·································································· 212
2. 주민 참여의 흐름 ·································································· 216
3. 주민 참여 제도의 유형 ·························································· 222
4. 주민 참여의 제도화 ······························································· 227
제3절 공무원 참여 ··········································································· 230
1. 공무원 참여와 집단의사 결정 ················································ 230
2. 중국의 공무원 참여 프로그램 ················································ 234
3. 일본의 공무원 참여 프로그램 ················································ 238

제9장 비정부 조직과 정책 집행 ················································ 243
제1절 비정부 조직(NGO)의 의의 ··················································· 245
제2절 정책 집행의 의의와 행위자 ··················································· 247
xiv / 현대 한국 사회와 정부 조직 관리 - 가치, 철학, 쟁점 -
1. 정책 집행의 의의 ·································································· 247
2. 정책 집행의 행위자 ······························································· 251
3. 비정부 조직과 정책 집행 ······················································ 257
4. 정책 집행에서 비정부 조직의 역할 ······································· 263

제10장 정부 조직과 위기관리 ···················································· 269
제1절 정부 조직의 정책 집행과 위기관리 ······································· 271
1. 정부 조직의 정책 집행 ·························································· 271
2. 정책 집행의 영향 변수 ·························································· 274
3. 위기와 위기관리 ···································································· 278
제2절 위기관리 이론 ······································································· 283
1. 페탁의 위기관리 모형 ···························································· 283
2. 다베니와 맥밀란의 위기관리 모형 ········································· 287
3. 위기관리와 코어 시스템 모형 ················································ 290
제3절 정부 조직의 위기관리 ··························································· 294
1. 위기관리 영향 변수 ······························································· 294
2. 위기관리 의사 결정 ······························································· 298
3. 위기관리에서의 집행관리 ······················································· 302

제11장 정부 조직과 갈등관리 ···················································· 305
제1절 갈등의 정의와 성격 ······························································· 307
1. 갈등의 정의와 기능 ······························································· 307
2. 갈등에 대한 견해 ·································································· 309
3. 갈등의 성격 ··········································································· 311
제2절 갈등의 유형 ··········································································· 318
제3절 갈등의 관리 ··········································································· 321
제4절 갈등관리를 위한 협력적 네트워크 구축 ································ 324
제5절 협상 ······················································································· 328
1. 갈등관리와 협상 ···································································· 328
2. 공공 갈등관리와 협상 ···························································· 331

제12장 정부 조직의 변화와 혁신 ·············································· 337
제1절 조직 변화의 이해 ·································································· 339
1. 조직 변화의 목표와 대상 ······················································ 339
2. 조직 변화의 유형 ································································· 342
제2절 조직 변화에 대한 압력과 저항 ············································· 347
1. 조직 변화의 압력 ·································································· 347
2. 조직 수준에서의 저항 ···························································· 349
3. 집단 수준에서의 저항 ···························································· 350
4. 개인 수준에서의 저항 ···························································· 351
제3절 조직 혁신의 의의와 접근 방법 ············································· 352
1. 조직 혁신의 의의 ·································································· 352
2. 조직 혁신의 접근 방법 ·························································· 357
3. 조직 혁신의 주요 내용 ·························································· 359
4. 조직 변화 전략으로서의 조직 혁신 ······································· 361
5. 정부 조직 혁신의 주요 내용 ················································· 363
제4절 조직 혁신의 기본 모형 ························································· 372
1. 레빈의 모형 ··········································································· 372
2. 계속적 변화 과정 모형 ·························································· 373
3. 조직 혁신에 대한 저항 ·························································· 375

부록 정부조직법 ··········································································· 379

참고문헌 ························································································· 397

[저자서문]
행정학과에서 조직관리론을 강의한 지 20년이 되었다. 어느 날인가 그 동안 학생들에게 가르쳐 온 조직관리의 내용을 되돌아 살펴보니, 행정학의 학문적 연구 대상인 정부 조직을 대상으로 한 조직관리론 내용이라기보다는 일반 조직을 대상으로 한 내용이었음을 깨닫게 되었다. 정부 조직 역시 다른 일반적인 조직들과 공통된 속성을 지니는 것은 틀림없다. 하지만 정부 조직은 다른 기업 조직이나 시민단체 조직과는 다른 속성이나 차이점이 있다는 생각이 들었다.
나는 이 책을 이러한 배경에서 집필하기 시작했다. 따라서 이 책에서는 정부 조직을 대상으로 해서 어떤 내용이 차이가 있을지를 구상하게 되었다.
현대 사회에서의 정부 조직을 대상으로 한 이 책을 계기로 앞으로 한국의 정부 조직을 대상으로 한 많은 논의가 정리되기를 바란다.

현대 사회는 지금 우리가 살아가고 있는 사회를 말한다. 현대 사회가 중요한 이유는 우리의 삶이 다른 사람이나 사회 구성 요소에 영향을 주고, 또 다른 사람이나 사회 구성 요소들로부터 영향을 받으면서 살아가기 때문이다. 사실 현대 사회는 과거 사회나 미래 사회와 떼려야 뗄 수 없는 불가분의 관계를 지니고 있다. 개인은 물론이고 가족, 집단, 조직, 국가 등 어느 사회도 과거의 역사가 없는 사회는 없다. 또한 현재 우리가 살아가고 있는 현대 사회는 분명히 미래의 우리 삶이나 사회 구성요소에 영향을 준다. 이러한 측면에서 보면 현대 사회는 과거 사회나 미래 사회와의 밀접한 관련성을 지니면서도 과거나 미래와는 구별되는 특징을 지니고 있다.