The Ad Hoc Diplomat: A Study in Municipal and International Law (Paperback, Softcover Repri)

I. The Nominating and Appointing Power.- Establishment of the Practice.- Early Years.- First Congressional Restriction.- Later Acts.- Present Requirements.- The Change in the President's Authority.- Summary.- II. Historical Arguments for and Against the Use of the Special Agent.- Arguments Against the Use of Special Agents.- Opposing Arguments Outside of Congress.- Opposing Arguments Within Congress.- Arguments For the Use of Special Agents.- Supporting Arguments Within Congress.- Supporting Arguments Outside of Congress.- Summary.- III. The Question of Office.- Marshall's Opinion.- Later Definitions of Office.- The Problem of Rank.- The Presidential Signature and the United States' Seal.- The Contingent Fund.- Establishment of the Fund.- Restrictions on Use of the Fund.- Effect on Presidential Authority.- Summary.- IV. The President's Appointing Power with Respect to Special Agents.- Early Attempts at Restrictions.- Restrictions Successfully Passed.- Restrictions With Respect to International Organizations.- The United Nations "Battle".- Special Agents and the Question of Rank.- Summary.- V. Status of the Regular Diplomatic Agent under International Law.- Agreation.- La Lettre de Creance.- The Nature of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities.- Duration of Diplomatic Immunities.- Theories on the Basis of Diplomatic Immunity.- Representation.- Exterritoriality.- Function.- Who Receives Diplomatic Privileges and Immunity.- Who Decides the Question of Entitlement to Immunity.- The Basis for the Decision.- The Diplomatic Passport.- The Diplomatic List.- Presentation to the Chief of State.- The Meaning of Function.- Responsibility for the Protection of Diplomats.- Responsibility for the Acts of a State's Agents.- Functions of a Diplomat.- Diplomatic Agents Below the Rank of Ambassador.- Summary.- VI. Status of Miscellaneous Agents under International Law.- International Conferences.- International Organizations.- International Commissions.- Summary.- VII. Status of the Special Agent under International Law.- Special Secret Agents.- Special Public Agents.- The Establishment of Special Missions.- Privileges and Immunities.- Foreign office views.- Decision of courts.- Opinions of scholars.- Freedom of Movement and Communication.- Responsibility for the Protection of Special Agents.- Responsibility for the Acts of the Special Agent.- Functions of the Special Agent.- Summary.- VIII. Conclusions.- Municipal Law Aspect.- Historical Development.- Possible Reasons for the Use of Special Agents.- United States Usage.- Problems That May Result from Using Special Agents.- Problems from United States Practice.- Critics' Views.- Supporters' Views.- The Writer's Opinion.- International Law Aspect.- Ambiguity of the Term "Special Agent".- Writer's Definition of the Term "Special Agent".- Relationship of the Special Agent to the State.- Position of the Courts.- Position of the Foreign Offices.- Position of Scholars.- Writer's Views of the Status of the Special Agent.- Appendix A.- Representative List of Special Agents.- Appendix B.- Provisions for Appointing United States Delegates to International Organizations.- Appendix C.- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.- Appendix D.- The Agencies of Colonel House and Harry Hopkins.- Edward M. House.- House's Background.- The Nature of the House-Wilson Relationship.- His Influence and Methods of Operation.- Five Missions Abroad.- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using House.- Summary.- Harry L. Hopkins.- Hopkins' Background.- The Nature of the Hopkins-Roosevelt Relationship.- Five Missions Abroad.- His Influence and Methods of Operation.- Advantages and Disadvantages in Using Hopkins.- Summary.