Electrochemical Water Splitting: Fundamentals, Challenges and Advances (Hardcover, 2024)

Common abbreviationsviChapter 1. Electrocatalysis Fundamentals for OER and HER11.1Abstract11.2Hydrogen Energy: A Sustainable Future11.3Hydrogen production technologies41.4Electrochemical Water Splitting51.5Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction81.6Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution Reaction101.7OER Mechanism with Consideration of Spin121.8d band Theory for HER171.9d band Theory for OER171.10Thermodynamics of Electrochemical water Splitting19Chapter 2. Electrode Setups and Water Electrolysis Technologies262.1Abstract262.2Introduction262.3Voltage and Potential292.4Electrocatalysts: Function and Role in Electrode Potential292.4.1Working Electrode312.4.2Reference Electrode332.4.3Counter Electrode342.5Electrode Setups: From 2 to 3 Electrode Systems362.6Water electrolysis technologies392.6.1Alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE)392.6.2Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE)412.6.3Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)432.7Stability of Precious and Non-Precious metals in different medium.49Chapter 3. Emerging Techniques for the Synthesis of Self-Supported Electrocatalysts583.1Abstract583.2Role of Electrocatalyst583.3Self-Supported Electrocatalyst623.4Comparative Study of Different Synthesis Techniques for Self-Supported Electrocatalysts643.4.1Electrodeposition643.4.2Hydro/solvothermal Synthesis743.4.3Supercritical hydro/solvothermal process763.4.4Chemical Vapor Deposition for the development of Self-Supported Electrocatalyst80Chapter 4. Electrochemical Methods for Measuring Water Splitting Efficiency914.1Abstract914.2Electrochemical Methods914.2.1Cyclic Voltammogram914.2.2Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy934.2.3Tafel Plots984.2.4Exchange Current Density1014.2.5Turnover Number and Turnover Frequency1034.2.6Faradic Efficiency1044.2.7Chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry1074.2.8Corrosion Experiment1094.2.9Electrochemical Active Surface Area111Chapter 5? Best Practices for Accurately Reporting Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanomaterials1215.1Abstract1215.2Introduction1215.3Electrolyte Preparations1225.3.1Removal of Fe Impurities1255.4How to reliably report the overpotential1275.5How to Calculate the Tafel Slope1305.5.1Tafel Plot from Polarization Curve1305.5.2Tafel Plot from Amperometry/Potentiometry1315.5.3Tafel Slope from EIS1325.6How to Properly Report TOF1335.6.1Redox Peak Integration1365.7Double Layer Capacitance1375.8Mass and Specific Activity1395.8.1BET Surface Area Normalized Activity1405.8.2ECSA Normalized Activity1425.9Faradic Efficiency and its Significance142Chapter 6. Bottlenecks in Water Electrolysis: A Comprehensive Exploration for Hydrogen Production1516.1Abstract1516.2Challenges in Water Electrolysis1516.3Membrane Challenges in Electrolysis1516.4Metal Corrosion1546.4.1Solution Composition and Concentrations1586.4.2Diffusion Rate of Ions1596.4.3Surrounding Conditions1606.4.4Reaction Conditions1606.4.5Electrode Configurations1616.5Structural Instability1626.5.1Mechanism behind structural instability:1646.5.2Agglomerations1676.6Mechanical Strength of Electrocatalysts:1736.7Support Degradation1756.8Electrode Aerophilic Nature1776.8.1Nucleation1786.8.2Growth1796.8.3Coalescence Top of Form1806.8.4Bubble Detachment180Chapter 7. Electronic Modulation of Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Water Electrolysis1937.1Abstract1937.2Electronic Modification1937.2.1Cation Doping1937.2.2Heteroatom doping1997.2.3Oxygen Vacancies2057.2.4Multimetallic Electrocatalyst212Strategies to Control the Ligand Effect:213Strategies to Control the Ligand Effect:216Chapter 8. Structural Modification of Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Water Electrolysis2228.1Abstract2228.2Catalyst Surface Structure2228.2.1Chemical composition2238.2.2Crystal structure2248.2.3Morphology2248.3Catalyst Surface Engineering2258.3.1Core-Shell Nanostructure2258.3.23D Materials2308.3.32D Nanomaterials2378.3.4Defects Engineering2468.3.5Porous Materials253Chapter 9. Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting2749.1Abstract2749.2Introduction2749.3Unique features of Single Atom catalysts (SAC's)2769.4Effects of Support Materials on Single Atom Catalysts2789.5Chemical Natures of SACs2819.6Stability and Durability of Single Atom Catalysts2839.7Noble Metal SACs for OER2869.8Noble Metal SACs for HER2899.9Transition Metal based SACs for HER2919.10Transition Metal based SACs for OER294Chapter 10. Emerging Electrocatalytic Strategies for Hydrogen Production from Water31110.1Abstract31110.2Introduction31110.3Conventional Water Electrolysis31310.3.1Challenges of conventional water electrolysis31410.4Approaches to overcome conventional approach31610.4.1Non-Conventional/Overall water electrolysis31610.4.2Hybrid water electrolysis32110.4.3Decoupled Water Electrolysis32510.4.4Tandem Water Electrolysis330