새로운 패러다임의 비교정치

제1장 비교정치의 진화와 방법론 1
제1절∣비교정치의 의의 ··································································································· 1
제2절∣비교정치의 역사와 연구방법 ··············································································· 3
1. 전기 행태주의적 연구방법 _ 4
2. 행태주의적 연구방법 _ 5
3. 탈행태주의적 비교정치 연구방법 _ 9
제3절∣비교정치의 방법론 ······························································································ 12
1. 비교방법론 _ 12
2. 과학적 접근방법 _ 13
3. 질적 분석방법과 양적 분석방법 _ 17
제4절∣비교정치의 발전방향 ·························································································· 21

제2장 정치이념 23
제1절∣정치이념의 주요 쟁점 ························································································· 24
1. 베버의 사상 _ 25
2. 마르크스의 사상 _ 27
3. 마르크스와 베버의 주요 개념 비교 _ 30
제2절∣고전적 자유주의(Classical Liberalism) ······························································ 36
1. 고전적 자유주의의 발전과정 _ 37
2. 고전적 자유주의의 주요 특징 _ 42
제3절∣급진주의(Radicalism) ························································································· 43
1. 급진주의의 발전과정 _ 44
2. 급진주의의 주요 특징 _ 50
차 례 xi
제4절∣보수주의(Conservatism) ····················································································· 52
1. 보수주의의 발전과정 _ 53
2. 보수주의의 주요 특징 _ 56
제5절∣현대적 자유주의(Modern Liberalism) ······························································· 58
1. 현대적 자유주의의 발전과정 _ 60
2. 현대적 자유주의의 주요 특징 _ 65
제6절∣사상적 논의의 의의 ····························································································· 67

제3장 국가론 69
제1절∣국가에 대한 일반적 논의 ···················································································· 70
1. 법률적 ․ 역사사회학적 정의 _ 71
2. 국가와 민족 _ 72
제2절∣체계론적 · 구조기능론적 접근 ············································································ 76
1. 체계론적 접근 _ 76
2. 구조기능론적 정의 _ 82
제3절∣계급주의 국가론 ·································································································· 85
1. 계급주의의 기본 개념 _ 85
2. 계급국가론의 원형 _ 87
제4절∣다원주의 국가론 ·································································································· 92
1. 다원주의의 기본 개념 _ 92
2. 다원주의 국가 이론 _ 93
3. 다원주의와 이익집단 _ 94
4. 다원주의의 흐름 _ 97
제5절∣국가론의 의의 ··································································································· 104

제4장 정치문화 106
제1절∣정치문화 연구의 기원과 방법적 특성 ······························································ 108
1. 정치문화 연구의 기원 _ 108
2. 국가 간 문화 비교 _ 109
3. 정치문화 연구의 특징 _ 112
xii 새로운 패러다임의 비교정치
제2절∣시민문화 연구 ··································································································· 123
1. 알몬드와 버바(Almond and Verba)의 정치문화 _ 124
2. 알몬드와 버바의 시민문화(Civic Culture) _ 128
3. 알몬드와 버바의 정치문화 연구에 대한 비판 _ 129
제3절∣정치사회화를 통한 정치과정 연구 ··································································· 133
1. 정치사회화 연구의 흐름 _ 134
2. 정치사회화 기구 _ 135
제4절∣정치적 관습과 상징주의 ··················································································· 140
제5절∣정치문화론의 한계와 의의 ··············································································· 143

제5장 합리적 선택 145
제1절∣합리적 선택 이론의 발전 ·················································································· 147
제2절∣합리성의 개념 ··································································································· 152
제3절∣합리적 선택의 모형과 방법론 ·········································································· 153
1. 합리적 선택 모형의 구성요소 _ 153
2. 합리적 선택의 방법론 _ 162
제4절∣합리적 선택 이론의 여러 형태 ········································································· 166
1. 결정 이론(Decision Theory) _ 166
2. 게임 이론(Game Theory) _ 168
제5절∣합리적 선택 이론의 한계와 전망 ····································································· 174

제6장 제도주의 176
제1절∣제도주의 이론의 발전과정 ··············································································· 177
제2절∣구제도주의와 신제도주의 비교 ········································································ 179
제3절∣신제도주의 이론 ································································································ 182
1. 이론적 발전 _ 183
2. 제도의 의미 _ 187
3. 신제도주의의 주요 특징 _ 189
4. 신제도주의에 대한 비판 _ 203
5. 비판에 대한 역사적 제도주의의 반론 _ 205
제4절∣신제도주의 이론의 가능성 ··············································································· 210
차 례 xiii

제7장 정치구조 212
제1절∣민주주의 ············································································································ 213
1. 민주주의의 개념 정의: 소다로(Sodaro)의 민주주의의 사원 _ 213
2. 자유민주주의의 모델들 _ 222
제2절∣행정부 ················································································································ 237
1. 행정부의 역할 _ 238
2. 구조적 제도 _ 239
3. 관료제 _ 245
4. 정치적 행정부의 역할 _ 248
제3절∣입법부 ················································································································ 250
1. 입법부의 역할 _ 250
2. 구조적 제도 _ 255
3. 입법부의 쇠퇴 _ 261
제4절∣사법부 ················································································································ 262
1. 사법부의 역할 _ 263
2. 사법부의 구조 _ 264
3. 사법부의 약화와 강화 _ 266
제5절∣정치구조와 정치발전 ························································································ 269

제8장 정당과 선거 270
제1절∣정당 ···················································································································· 271
1. 정당의 기원 및 특징 _ 271
2. 정당의 역할 _ 272
3. 정당의 분류 _ 273
4. 정당체계 _ 281
5. 정당체제의 형성과 변화 _ 285
제2절∣선거 ···················································································································· 286
1. 선거제도 _ 287
2. 선거제도에 대한 평가 _ 293
xiv 새로운 패러다임의 비교정치
제3절∣투표행태 ············································································································ 295
1. 사회학적 이론 _ 295
2. 사회심리학적 이론 _ 297
3. 경제학적 이론 _ 299
4. 인지심리학적 이론 _ 302
제4절∣여론조사 ············································································································ 304
1. 여론조사의 중요성 _ 304
2. 여론조사 방법 _ 305
3. 여론조사의 한계 _ 306
제5절∣정당의 발전과 공정한 선거를 위하여 ······························································ 307

제9장 정치권력 310
제1절∣권력의 정의 ······································································································· 310
1. 권력의 개념 _ 316
2. 권력의 형태 _ 319
제2절∣엘리트 이론 ······································································································· 324
1. 엘리트 이론의 전개 _ 324
2. 통합 엘리트 이론 _ 325
3. 다원주의 엘리트 이론 _ 331
4. 신통치 엘리트 이론 _ 333
제3절∣정치권력과 엘리트의 위상 ··············································································· 334

제10장 정치경제 336
제1절∣정치와 경제 ······································································································· 337
1. 추구하는 목표 _ 337
2. 제도적인 영역 _ 338
3. 정치와 경제의 관계 _ 340
제2절∣정치경제학의 기본 분석틀 ··············································································· 347
1. 생산요소, 기업, 가계/소비자 _ 348
2. 생산과 소비 _ 350
3. 국가와 세계의 참여 _ 352
차 례 xv
제3절∣정치경제학의 전개 ···························································································· 353
1. 근대 자본주의의 발달과 민주주의 _ 353
2. 자본주의와 민주주의의 관계 _ 357
제4절∣정치경제학의 주요 쟁점 ··················································································· 360
1. 정치경제학의 발전과 주요 쟁점 _ 360
2. 자원의 최적 배분 _ 363
3. 소득과 재산의 재분배 _ 365
4. 공공경제와 물가의 안정화 _ 367
제5절∣정치경제학의 과제 ···························································································· 369

제11장 정치발전론과 민주주의 공고화 371
제1절∣근대화 이론과 종속 이론 ················································································ 373
1. 근대화의 개념과 요소 _ 373
2. 근대화 이론과 유형 _ 375
3. 제3세계의 근대화론과 종속 이론 _ 379
제2절∣정치발전론과 발전국가론 ················································································· 384
1. 정치발전의 정의 및 특성 _ 384
2. 정치발전의 과정과 모형 _ 387
3. 발전국가론 _ 390
4. 발전론의 한계와 의의 _ 393
제3절∣새로운 민주화 물결과 민주주의 전환 ····························································· 395
1. 민주화 물결과 정치적 함의 _ 395
2. 민주주의 전환의 조건 _ 398
3. 민주주의 전환의 분석방법 및 이론 _ 399
4. 민주주의 공고화와 시민사회 _ 411
5. 민주주의 공고화와 국가 능력 _ 423
제4절∣민주화의 전망 ··································································································· 424

제12장 사회운동 426
제1절∣사회운동 ············································································································ 426
1. 사회운동의 개념 _ 428
2. 사회운동론의 기원과 흐름 _ 429
xvi 새로운 패러다임의 비교정치
제2절∣고전적 사회운동론 ···························································································· 432
제3절∣현대적 사회운동론 ···························································································· 435
1. 신사회운동론 _ 437
2. 자원동원 이론 _ 442
제4절∣구성주의적 사회운동론 ···················································································· 448
제5절∣사회운동론의 의의 ···························································································· 453

제13장 세계화 454
제1절∣국가 간 경쟁 ······································································································ 455
1. 세력 균형 _ 455
2. 공포의 균형 _ 457
3. 지배와 피지배 _ 458
4. 탈냉전 세계의 경쟁 _ 461
제2절∣국가들 사이의 협력 ························································································· 464
1. 전통적인 외교와 협약 _ 464
2. 국제기구 _ 468
제3절∣세계화와 글로벌 스탠더드 ··············································································· 472
1. 세계화와 신자유주의 _ 472
2. 신자유주의 글로벌 스탠더드의 전파 _ 477
제4절∣세계화의 도전 ··································································································· 485

참고문헌 _ 486
찾아보기 _ 520