2020 이태윤 영어학 기본심화 A

Chapter 01 Phonology
01 Phonetics and Phonology ······ 18
1.1. Phonetics ·· 19
1.2. Phonology 19
1.3. Subfields of Phonetics · 20
02 Consonants and Vowels · 22
2.1. Speech Production ····· 23
2.2. Speech Organs 24
2.3. Classification of Speech Sounds ····· 26
2.4. Classification of Consonants ············ 28
2.4.1. Places of Articulation ······· 28
2.5. Classification of Vowels ······ 44
03 Phonemes and Allophones ·· 55
3.1. Phonemes and Allophones · 56
3.2. Types of Distribution ···· 59
3.3. Minimal Pairs and Free Variation ····· 61
3.4. Relation between Phonemes and Allophones ···· 63
04 Distinctive Features ············ 65
4.1. Features of Consonants ······ 66
4.2. Features of Vowels ······· 72
4.3. Redundant Features ···· 74
05 Syllables ··········· 75
5.1. Syllable Structure of English ············· 76
5.2. Syllable Types ·· 78
5.3. Sonority ···· 82
5.4. Phonotactics ···· 86
5.5. Non-words Gaps ············ 97
06 Stress 98
6.1. Stress Properties and Rules · 99
6.2. Rhythm and Sentence Stress ··········· 111
6.3. Foot and Sentence Stress ·· 113
07 Intonation ········· 120
7.1. Functions of Intonation ······· 121
7.2. Types of Intonation ······ 122
7.3. Tone Unit & Tonic Syllable ·· 125
08 Phonological Processes ·· 126
8.1. Assimilation ····· 128
8.2. Dissimilation ···· 137
8.3. Deletion ····· 138
8.4. Insertion ··· 142
8.5. Neutralization · 146
8.6. Speech Errors · 149
8.7. Linking ······· 154
09 Phonological Rules ············ 155
9.1. Rules for the Allophones of Consonants ·············· 158
9.2. Rules for the Allophones of Vowels 176

Chapter 02 Morphology
01 Words · 184
1.1. Aspects of Words ········· 185
1.2. Lexemes and Word Forms · 186
02 Morphemes ···· 187
2.1. Morphemes ······ 188
2.3. Affixes and Grammatical Classes ···· 199
2.4. Suffixes and Stress Placement ········ 204
2.5. ClassⅠAffixes and Class Ⅱ Affixes 208
2.6. Negative Prefix In- and Un- 210
03 Structure of Words ············· 212
3.1. Internal Structure of Words ············· 213
3.2. Hierarchical Structure and Ambiguity ··· 215
04 Morphophonemic Rules ·· 216
05 Derivational Constraints ··· 221
5.1. Syntactic Constraint ···· 222
5.2. Morphological Constraint ··· 223
5.3. Phonological Constraint ······ 224
5.4. Semantic Constraint ···· 226
06 Word Formation Processes ···· 227
6.1. Derivation (Affixation) ? derived words; derivertives ············ 228
6.2. Compounding (Composition) ? compounds ······ 229
6.3. Blending ? blends; portmanteau words ············· 230
6.4. Conversion (Functional Shift; Zero Derivation) ·· 231
6.5. Initialism ··· 232
6.6. Clipping (Shortening; Truncation) ··· 233
6.7. Back-formation (Back-derivation) ·· 234
6.8. Borrowing ? loan words ···· 235
6.9. Reduplication ·· 236
6.10. Eponyms (Words from Proper Names) ·············· 237
6.11. Onomatopoeia (Echoism) · 238
6.12. Word Coinage (Invention; Root-creation; Neologism) ·········· 239

Chapter 03 Semantics
01 Lexical Semantics ·············· 244
1.1. Meanings of Words ······ 245
1.2. Lexical Field Theory ······ 248
1.3. Semantic Network Theory ·· 249
1.4. Componential Analysis (Lexical Decomposition) ······· 250
1.5. Meanings between Words · 252
02 Sentential Semantics ········· 264
2.1. Meanings of Sentences ······· 265
2.2. Meanings between Sentences ········· 267
03 Ambiguity ········ 276
3.1. Lexical Ambiguity ·········· 277
3.2. Syntactic Ambiguity ····· 278
3.3. Phonological Ambiguity ······ 280
3.4. Referential Ambiguity ·· 281

Chapter 04 Pragmatics
01 Context ············· 286
1.1. Verbal Context 287
1.2. Social Context · 288
02 Deixis · 291
2.1. Definition of Deixis ······· 292
2.2. Types of Deixis 293
2.3. Deictic Center · 297
03 Cooperation and Implicature · 298
3.1. Cooperative Principle and Maxims of Conversation · 299
3.2. Implicature ······· 302
3.3. Flouting Maxims ············ 305
3.4. Hedging Maxims ············ 307
04 Speech Act Theory ··········· 308
4.1. Types of Speech Acts ·· 309
4.2. Classification of Locutionary Acts ·· 316
4.3. Classification of Illocutionary Acts ·· 318
4.4. Direct and Indirect Illocutionary Act ······· 320
4.5. Felicity Condition ·········· 324

Chapter 05 Discourse
01 Discourse Factors 327
1.1. Types of Information ··· 327
1.2. Definiteness & Speciality ···· 328
02 Discourse Competence: Cohesion & Coherence ····· 330
2.1. Communicative Competence ··········· 330
2.2. Cohesion & Cohesion Devices ·········· 331
2.3. Coherence 334
03 Discourse Markers ············· 335
3.1. Function of Discourse Markers ········ 335
3.2. Types of Discourse Markers ············· 335
04 Conversation Analysis; CA ···· 336
4.1. Structure of conversation ·· 336
4.2. Turn-taking Negotiation ····· 337
4.3. Turn-taking Violations · 338
4.4. Maintenance & Repair · 339

Chapter 06 History of English
01 The Origins and Development of English ············· 343
1.1. Old English : 450-1100 AD (? Germanic) ··········· 344
1.2. Middle English : 1100-1500 (? Germanic + Romance) ·········· 345
1.3. Modern English : 1500-Present ······ 346
02 Earlier Languages than English ········· 348
2.1. Indo-European Languages · 348
2.2. Germanic Language ····· 349
03 Phonological Changes ····· 350
3.1. Grimm’s law : Indo-European ―(change)→ Germanic ············· 350
3.2. Verner’s Law : Indo-European ―(change)→ Germanic ··········· 351
3.3. Great Vowel Shift ·········· 352
04 Diachronic Language Changes ·········· 354
4.1. Syntactic Change ·········· 354
4.2. Sound Change 354
4.3. Morphological Change · 356
4.4. Lexical Change 356
4.5. Semantic Change ·········· 357