스웨덴어 문법

머리말 ······················································································ 5

1. 개관 Allm?nt om ordbildning ··········································
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2. 합성어 Sammansatta ord ·················································
2.1 합성명사(Sammansatta substantiv) ·······································
2.1.1 명사 + 명사 ····································································
2.1.2 형용사 + 명사 ·································································
2.1.3 수사 + 명사 ····································································
2.1.4 대명사 + 명사 ·································································
2.1.5 동사 + 명사 ····································································
2.1.6 부사 + 명사 ····································································
2.1.7 전치사 + 명사 ·································································

2.2 합성형용사(Sammansatta adjektiv) ········································
2.2.1 명사 + 형용사 ·································································
2.2.2 형용사 + 형용사 ······························································
2.2.3 동사 + 형용사 ·································································
2.2.4 부사/전치사 + 형용사 ······················································

2.3 합성동사(Sammansatta verb) ···············································
2.3.1 명사 + 동사 ···································································
2.3.2 형용사 + 동사 ································································
2.3.3 부사/전치사 + 동사 ························································
2.3.4 수사 + 동사 ···································································
2.3.5 합성동사의 활용 ·····························································

2.4 합성부사(Sammansatta adverb) ············································
2.4.1 부사 + 부사 ····································································
2.4.2 형용사 + 명사 ·································································

2.5 합성전치사(Sammansatta prepositioner) ·······························
2.5.1 부사 + 전치사 ·································································
2.5.2 전치사 + 전치사 ······························································
2.5.3 기타 + 전치사 ·································································
연습문제 ··················································································
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3. 파생어 Avledningar ·························································
3.1 파생명사(Avledda substantiv) ···············································
3.1.1 접두사에 의한 파생명사 ···················································
3.1.2 접미사에 의한 파생명사 ···················································
3.1.2.1 명사 + 접미사 ··························································
3.1.2.2 형용사 + 접미사 ·······················································
3.1.2.3 동사 + 접미사 ··························································
3.1.2.4 명사/형용사/동사 + 접미사 ········································
3.1.2.5 기타 ·········································································

3.2 파생형용사(Avledda adjektiv) ···············································
3.2.1 접두사에 의한 파생형용사 ···············································
3.2.2 접미사에 의한 파생형용사 ···············································
3.2.2.1 명사 + 접미사 ··························································
3.2.2.2 형용사 + 접미사 ·······················································
3.2.2.3 동사 + 접미사 ··························································

3.3 파생동사(Avledda verb) ·······················································
3.3.1 접두사에 의한 파생동사 ··················································
3.3.2 접미사에 의한 파생동사 ··················································
3.3.2.1 명사 + 접미사 ··························································
3.3.2.2 형용사 + 접미사 ·······················································

3.4 파생부사(Avledda adverb) ···················································
3.4.1 접두사에 의한 파생부사 ··················································
3.4.2 접미사에 의한 파생부사 ··················································
3.4.2.1 명사 + 접미사 ··························································
3.4.2.2 형용사 + 접미사 ·······················································
3.4.2.3 기타 + 접미사 ··························································
연습문제 ··············································································

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I. 조어론(ORDBILDNING)

II. 통사론(Syntax)

1. 개관 Allm?nt om fraser ··················································
1.1 주성분(Huvudord, HO) ························································
1.2 수식어(Attribut, A) ······························································
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2. 명사구 Nominalfraser, NP ··············································
2.1 전치 수시어 (Framf?rst?llda best?mningar) ························
2.1.1 형용사 수식어 ································································
2.1.2 정형 수식어 ···································································
2.1.3 수량/순서 수식어 ····························································
2.1.4 전체성을 표현하는 수식어 ················································

2.2 후치 수식어(Efterst?llda attribut) ·········································
2.2.1 전치사구 수식어 ·····························································
2.2.2 부가적 용법으로 사용되는 절 형태의 수식어 ·····················
2.2.3 Att-부정사구 수식어 ·······················································
2.2.4 부사 수식어 ···································································
2.2.5 보어 수식어 ···································································
2.2.6 비교구 수식어 ································································
2.2.7 동격 수식어 ···································································

2.3 명사구의 구조(Nominalfrasernas struktur) ···························
2.4 명사구의 기능(Nominalfrasernas struktur) ···························
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3. 형용사구 Adjektivfraser, AdjP ·········································
3.1 형용사구의 용법(Adjektivfrasernas funktion) ························
3.1.1 부가적 용법 ···································································
3.1.2 서술적 용법 ···································································

3.2 형용사구의 구조(Adjektivfrasernas best?mningar) ················
3.2.1 전치 수식어 ···································································
3.2.2 후치 수식어 ···································································
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4. 동사구 Verbfraser, VP ····················································
4.1 동사구의 유형(Verbfrasernas typer) ·····································
4.1.1 정동사구 ········································································
4.1.2 부정(동)사구 ···································································
4.1.2.1 부정(동)사구의 기능 ··················································
4.1.2.2 부정(동)사구의 부사어 위치 ·······································

4.2 동사구의 수식어 (Verbfrasernas best?mningar) ····················
4.2.1 보충어구 ········································································
4.2.1.1 목적어 ·····································································
4.2.1.2 보어 ········································································
4.2.1.3 부사어 ·····································································
4.2.1.4 진주어 ·····································································
4.2.2 첨가어구 ········································································
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5. 부사구 Adverbfraser, AdvP ·············································
5.1 수식어(Adverbfrasernas best?mningar) ·······························
5.1.1 전치 수식어 ···································································
5.1.2 후치 수식어 ···································································

5.2 부사구의 기능(Adverbfrasernas funktion) ·····························
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6. 전치사구 Prepositionsfraser, PP ······································
6.1 전치사의 구조(Prepositionsfrasernas struktur) ····················
6.1.1 전치사 + 명사(구) ··························································
6.1.2 명사(구) + 전치사 ··························································
6.1.3 분리 전치사구 ·······························································

6.2 전치사구의 기능(Prepositionsfrasernas funktion) ·················
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7. 유사절 Satsv?rdiga fraser/satsf?rkortningar ·················
7.1 Att-부정사구(Infinitivfraser, IVP) ········································
7.1.1 Att-부정사구 ·································································
7.1.2 부사어 부정사구 ····························································
7.1.3 목적어 부정사구 ····························································
7.1.4 주어 부정사구 ·······························································
7.1.5 고정 부정사구 ·······························································

7.2 보어구(Predikativfraser/attributiva satsf?rkortningar) ········
7.3 med-구(Med-fraser) ···························································
7.4 비교구(Komparativfraser) ···················································
7.5 동격구(Appositionsfraser) ···················································
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8. 명사화 Nominaliseringar ················································
8.1 명사화의 구조(Nominaliseringarnas struktur) ······················
8.1.1 주성분 ··········································································
8.1.2 수식어 ··········································································

8.2 명사화의 기능(Nominaliseringarnas funktion) ······················
8.3 유사명사화(Pseudonominaliseringar) ····································
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구 Fraser

절, 문장 Satser
1. 개관 Allm?nt om satser ·················································
1.1 문장과 절(Meningar och satser) ······································
1.2 주절과 종속절(Huvudsatser och bisatser) ·························
1.3 문장성분 (Satsdelar) ······················································
1.4 어순 (Satsordf?ljder) ·····················································
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2. 문장성분 Satsdelar ·························································
2.1 주어(Subjekt, S) ·································································
2.1.1 필수 문장성분 주어 ·······················································
2.1.2 가주어 det ····································································
2.1.3 주어표시어 som ····························································
2.1.4 날시의 비인칭주어 det ···················································
2.1.5 부정대명사/인칭대명사 man ···········································
2.1.6 주어 부정사구 ································································
2.1.7 주어의 위치 ···································································

2.2 (서술어)동사 (Predikastsverb, V) ·········································
2.2.1 필수 문장성분 (서술어)동사 ·············································
2.2.2 정동사와 부정동사 ··························································
2.2.2.1 정동사 ·····································································
2.2.2.2 부정동사 ·································································
2.2.3 (서술어)동사의 위치 ························································
2.2.3.1 정동사의 위치 ··························································
2.2.3.2 부정동사의 위치 ·······················································

2.3 목적어(Objekt, O) ································································
2.3.1 직접목적어 ····································································
2.3.2 간접목적어 ····································································
2.3.3 전치사의 목적어 ····························································
2.3.4 가목적어 det ·································································
2.3.5 목적어 부정사구 ·····························································
2.3.6 의미목적어 ····································································
2.3.7 목적어의 위치 ·······························································

2.4 보어(Predikativ) ·································································
2.4.1 주격보어 ·······································································
2.4.2 목적격보어 ····································································
2.4.3 보어의 위치 ···································································

2.5 부사어(Adverbial, Advl) ······················································
2.5.1 문장부사어 ····································································
2.5.1.1 문장부사어 유형 ·······················································
2.5.1.2 문장부사어의 위치 ····················································
2.5.1.2.1 주절 ··································································
2.5.1.2.2 종속절 ·······························································
2.5.2 기타 부사어 ···································································
2.5.2.1 기타 부사어의 유형 ··················································
2.5.2.1.1 방법부사어 ························································
2.5.2.1.2 장소부사어 ························································
2.5.2.1.3 시간부사어 ························································
2.5.2.1.4 상황부사어 ························································
2.5.2.1.5 행위자부사어 ·····················································
2.5.2.1.6 정도부사어 ························································
2.5.2.2 기타 부사어의 위치 ··················································
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3. 문장유형 Typer av satser ···············································
3.1 평서문(P?st?endesatser) ······················································
3.2 의문문(Fr?gor) ····································································
3.2.1 의문사 의문문 ································································
3.2.2 예/아니오 의문문 ···························································

3.3 명령문(Imperativsatser) ······················································
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4. 문장순서도 Satsschema ···················································
4.1 주절순서도(Huvudsatsschema) ·············································
4.1.1 평서문순서도 ··································································
4.1.2 의문사 의문문순서도 ·······················································
4.1.3 예/아니오 의문문순서도 ··················································
4.1.4 명령문순서도 ·································································
4.1.5 주절 어순의 특징 ···························································

4.2 종속절순서도(Bisatsschema) ·················································
4.2.1 명사절 ··········································································
4.2.1.1 Att-절 ····································································
4.2.1.2 간접의문절 ······························································
4.2.2 관계(종속)절 ··································································
4.2.3 부사(종속)절 ··································································
4.2.3.1 시간부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.2 조건부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.3 원인/이유부사절 ·····················································
4.2.3.4 목적부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.5 결과부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.6 양보부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.7 방법부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.8 비교부사절 ·····························································
4.2.3.9 장소부사절 ·····························································
4.2.4 종속절 어순의 특징 ·······················································

4.3 주절과 종속절의 차이점(Huvudsatser och bisatser) ···············

4.4 주절의 어순변형 (Ordf?ljdsvariationer i huvudsatser) ··········
4.4.1 문두화 ···········································································
4.4.2 비강세 목적어의 전치 ·····················································
4.4.3 문장부사어의 전치 ··························································
4.4.4 기타 부사어의 전치 ························································
4.4.5 후치이동 ·······································································

4.5 종속절의 어순변형(Ordf?ljdsvariationer i bisatser) ···············
4.5.1 문장부사어의 전치 ··························································
4.5.2 주절 어순으로 된 종속절 ···············································
4.5.2.1 Att-절 ····································································
4.5.2.2 (D?r)f?r att-절 ·······················································
4.5.2.3 Fast-절 ··································································
4.5.2.4 Om/ifall-절 ····························································
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5. 독립종속절 Ensamma bisatser ·······································
5.1 Kanske/kanh?nda-절(Kanske/kanh?nda-satser) ················

5.2 감탄절 ················································································
5.2.1 Vad/s? + 형용사 + (주어 + 동사) ·······························
5.2.2 Vilken/vilket/vilka + (형용사) + 명사 + (주어 + 동사) ····
5.2.3 Att-절 ··········································································
5.2.4 Som-절 ········································································

5.3 기원절(?nskesatser) ···························································
5.3.1 Om-절 ·········································································
5.3.2 Den som-절 ································································

5.4 (D?r)f?r att-절((D?r)f?r att-satser) ····································
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6. 기원문 ?nskningar ·························································
6.1 실현 가능한 기원문(Realistiska ?nskningar) ·························
6.1.1 M?/m?tte + infinitiv ····················································
6.1.2 명령형/가정법 현재형 ····················································
6.1.3 ?nskar + 간접목적어 + 직접목적어, ?nskar + att-종속절 ·

6.2 실현 불가능한 기원문(Orealistiska ?nskningar) ····················
6.2.1 Om-절, den som-절 ·····················································
6.2.2 ?nskar + att-절 ···························································
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7. 무게원칙 Viktprincipen ···················································
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8. 소개구문 Presenteringskonstruktioner ····························
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9. 강조구문 Utbrytning ·······················································
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10. 꼬인 문장 Satsfl?tor ·····················································
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11. 문장성분의 이중화 Dubbel satsdel ·································
11.1 평서문(P?st?endesatser) ····················································

11.2 의문문(Fr?gor) ··································································
11.2.1 의문사 의문문 ······························································
11.2.2 예/아니오 의문문 ·························································
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12. 인용문 Anf?ring ···························································
12.1 직접인용(Direkt anf?ring) ·················································
12.2 간접인용(Indirekt anf?ring) ···············································
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13. 대답문 Kort svar ··························································
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14. 복문 Sammansatta satser ·············································
14.1 대등연결(Samordning) ·······················································
14.1.1 주절의 동일 문장성분 생략 ············································
14.1.2 종속절의 동일 문장성분 생략 ·········································

14.2 종속연결(Underordning) ····················································
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15. 담화표지어 Utfyllnadsord ··············································
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참고문헌(Litteratur) ·································································· 206
모범답안(Facit) ········································································· 208
약어(F?rkortningar) ································································· 210

I. 조어론
1. 개관 Allm?nt om ordbildning
단어의 하위단위인 형태소가 단독으로 혹은 두 개 이상의 형태소가 결합되어 단어를 구성하는 방식을 조어법이라고 한다.

형태소 한 개로 구성된 단어를 단일어(enkla ord)라고 하며 두 개의 형태소가 결합된 단어를 복합어(sammasatta ord)라고 한다. 단일어는 한 개의 형태소로 이루어져 더 이상 분석할 수 없는 반면 복합어는 구성성분을 분석할 수 있다.
단일어 skola 학교 barn 어린이 l?ng 긴 tr?kig 지루한
복합어 skol-barn 학생 l?ng-tr?kig 지루한

복합어에는 두 개 이상의 형태소로만 구성된 합성어와 형태소가 접두사나 접미사와 결합하여 만들어진 파생어가 있다.
합성어 k?rleks-roman 애정소설
파생어 be-tala 지불하다 sk?n-het 미/미인

합성어와 파생어에 다시 접사가 연결되어 새로운 단어가 만들어질 수 있다.
o frid 평화 + full 충만한/풍부한 → frid-full 평화로운 + -het → frid-full-het 평화로움
o s?r 상처 + -bar → s?r-bar 취약한/상처받을 수 있는 + -het → s?r-bar-het 취약점

2. 합성어(sammasatta ord)
합성어는 자립형태소끼리의 결합, 간단하게 말하면 단어와 단어가 결합하여 만들어진 새로운 단어이다. 단어끼리 결합하여 만들어진 합성어로는 합성명사, 합성형용사, 합성동사, 합성부사 등이 있다. 스웨덴어는 합성어가 매우 많으며 영어와 달리 붙여 쓰는 것이 특징이다.

2.1 합성명사 (Sammansatta substantiv)
합성명사를 구성하는 방식은 다양하다. 명사와 명사가 결합되거나 명사가 형용사, 수사, 동사, 부사 등과 결합되어 합성명사가 만들어질 수 있다. 명사와 명사가 결합된 합성명사가 가장 일반적이다. 합성명사의 맨 마지막 단어는 항상 명사이며 다음과 같은 중요한 역할을 한다.