국제통상학개론

제1편 국제통상 개요
서장: 한국 무역의 성장 배경 및 과정
1. 광복 이후 1960년대 초반까지 한국 경제의 현실 ··························· 22
2. 한국 경제계획의 기조 및 기본 목표 ··················································23
3. 한국무역의 위치 및 시기별 특징 ······················································ 24
4. 2030년 한국 경제발전의 정책 방향 및 무역의 모습 ······················· 31
제1장 국제무역의 본질
제1절 무역의 기본개념 36
1.1 무역의 정의 ················································································ 36
제2절 무역의 성격 37
2.1 국민경제 성격 ············································································ 37
2.2 기업경제 성격 ············································································ 37
2.3 세계경제 성격 ············································································ 37
제3절 무역의 필요성 38
3.1 자연적 조건 및 사회적 조건의 차이 ·········································· 38
3.2 천연자원의 편재 ········································································· 39
3.3 각국 간의 인구 편차 ·································································· 39
3.4 산업발달정도의 차이 ································································· 39
3.5 구매력의 차이 ············································································ 40
제4절 무역의 특징 40
4.1 해상의존성 ················································································· 40
4.2 산업관련성 ················································································· 41
4.3 국제 관습성 ················································································ 41
제5절 무역의 위험 42
5.1 상품 위험 ···················································································· 42
5.2 대금 결제 및 금리위험 ······························································· 43
5.3 상품가격 및 환율 위험 ······························································· 43
제6절 무역의 형태와 무역학의 학문적 체제 44
6.1 무역의 형태 ················································································ 44
6.2 무역 대상에 따른 분류 ······························································· 47
6.3 수출과 수입연계에 따른 분류 ···················································· 47
6.4 무역거래의 주체에 따른 분류 ···················································· 49
6.5 무역에 대한 국가의 간섭유무에 의한 무역형태 ······················· 50
6.6 가공무역의 유형 ········································································· 53
6.7 물품의 판매 방식에 따른 분류 ·················································· 54
6.8 상품의 수송경로에 따른 무역 ···················································· 55
6.9 외국무역과 식민지무역 ······························································ 56
6.10 남북무역과 동서무역 ······························································· 56
6.11 임대차 무역 ·············································································· 58
6.12 외국인도 수출과 외국인수 수입 ·············································· 58
6.13 기타의 무역유형 ······································································· 59
제7절 무역학의 학문적 체제 62
제2장 무역과 국민경제
제1절 수출과 국민경제 65
1.1 긍정적인 효과 ············································································ 65
1.2 부정적인 효과 ············································································ 66
제2절 수입과 국민경제 67
2.1 긍정적인 효과 ············································································ 67
2.2 부정적인 효과 ············································································ 68
제3절 무역과 국민소득 69
3.1 무역승수이론 ·············································································· 69
3.2 교역조건 ····················································································· 70
3.3 무역의존도 ················································································· 73
3.4 무역결합도 ················································································· 74
3.5 외화가득률 ················································································· 74
제4절 국제무역이론 75
4.1 국제무역이론의 의의 ································································· 75
4.2 고전적 무역이론 ········································································· 76
4.3 근대적 무역이론 ········································································· 83
4.4 현대 무역이론 ············································································ 88
4.5 산업 내 무역이론 ······································································· 94
4.6 국제무역의 균형 ········································································· 95
제3장 무역정책론
제1절 무역정책의 의의 및 목적과 유형 106
1.1 무역정책의 의의 및 특성 ························································· 106
1.2 무역정책의 목적과 유형 ·························································· 107
제2절 무역정책의 유형과 변천 107
8 차 례
2.1 중상주의 무역정책 ··································································· 107
2.2 자유무역정책 ············································································ 109
2.3 보호무역주의의 무역정책 ························································ 112
2.4 제2차 세계대전 이후의 무역정책 ············································ 116
2.5 신보호무역주의 ········································································ 116
2.6 신자유주의에 있어 자유무역 ··················································· 118
제3절 무역정책의 수단 119
3.1 관세정책 ··················································································· 119
3.2 비관세정책 ··············································································· 140
제4장 국제금융론
제1절 국제금융과 국제금융시장 145
1.1 국제금융 ··················································································· 145
1.2 국제금융시장 ············································································ 145
1.3 런던금융시장 ············································································ 146
1.4 뉴욕금융시장 ············································································ 147
1.5 유로커런시시장 ········································································ 148
제2절 국제통화제도 149
2.1 국제통화제도의 의의와 기능 ··················································· 149
2.2 국제통화제도의 변천 ······························································· 152
2.3 국제통화기금(IMF)의 체제 ····················································· 155
제3절 외국환 162
3.1 외국환의 의의와 특성 ······························································ 162
3.2 외국환의 종류 ·········································································· 163
3.3 외환시장(Foreign Exchange Market) ································· 165
3.4 환율결정에 대한 학설 ······························································ 171
제4절 환율제도 173
4.1 환율의 의의와 환율의 표시 ····················································· 173
4.2 환율의 형태 ·············································································· 173
4.3 환율제도의 유형 ······································································· 175
4.4 우리나라의 환율제도 ······························································· 178
4.5 우리나라의 환율구조 ······························································· 182
4.6 환율변동이 국민경제에 미치는 영향 ······································· 183
4.7 환율변동에 따른 손실방지책 ··················································· 184
제5절 국제수지 186
5.1 국제수지의 의의 및 국제수지표 ·············································· 186
제5장 국제무역환경론
제1절 GATT체제 192
1.1 GATT의 설립배경과 기본원칙 ················································ 192
1.2 GATT와 다자 간 협상 ····························································· 195
1.3 우루과이라운드 ········································································ 196
제2절 WTO 체제의 출범 197
2.1 WTO의 설립 ············································································ 197
2.2 WTO의 설립협정문 ································································· 199
2.3 WTO 조직구조 ········································································· 204
2.4 WTO 체제의 특징 ···································································· 208
2.5 WTO 체제의 문제점 ································································ 208
제3절 WTO 체제하의 새로운 무역의제 211
3.1 환경라운드(GR) ······································································· 211
3.2 노동라운드 ··············································································· 215
3.3 경쟁라운드(CR) ······································································· 215
3.4 기술라운드 ··············································································· 216
3.5 다자 간 투자협정 ····································································· 216
제6장 경제통합론
제1절 경제통합의 의의 및 전제조건 219
1.1 경제통합의 의의 ······································································· 219
1.2 경제통합의 추세 및 우리나라의 추진형황 ······························ 219
제2절 경제통합의 형태 222
2.1 경제통합의 형태 ······································································· 222
제3절 경제통합 현황 225
3.1 통합의 최근 현황 ····································································· 225
3.2 지역주의의 새로운 경향 ·························································· 237
제4절 관세동맹의 효과 239
4.1 관세동맹의 효과의 의의 ·························································· 239
4.2 관세동맹의 정태적 효과 ·························································· 239
4.3 경제통합의 동태적 효과 ·························································· 241
제2편 국제경영론
제7장 국제경영론
제1절 국제경영의 의의 246
1.1 국제경영의 개념 ······································································· 246
1.2 국제경영의 주체 ······································································· 246
제2절 기업의 국제화 247
2.1 기업의 국제화 ·········································································· 247
2.2 기업국제화의 유형 ··································································· 249
2.3 국제경영관리방식 ···································································· 255
제3절 해외직접투자 256
3.1 해외직접투자의 개념 ······························································· 256
3.2 해외직접투자의 행태 ······························································· 257
3.3 해외직접투자의 특징 ······························································· 258
3.4 해외직접투자의 제이론 ···························································· 262
3.5 해외직접투자의 동기 ······························································· 273
제8장 국제합작투자와 국제M&A
제1절 국제합작투자 277
1.1 국제합작투자의 개념 ······························································· 277
1.2 국제합작투자의 소유권 유형 ··················································· 278
1.3 국제합작투자의 동기 ······························································· 279
1.4 합작투자의 문제점 ··································································· 281
제2절 국제M&A 283
2.1 M&A의 개념과 유형 ································································ 283
2.2 국제 M&A의 장․단점 ···························································· 287
2.3 미국의 M&A발전 과정 ···························································· 288
2.4 적대적 M&A의 방어전략의 의의 및 유형 ······························· 292
제3편 무역실무론
제9장 무역관리제도와 수출입절차
제1절 무역관리제도 298
1.1 무역관리의 의의 및 목적 ························································· 298
1.2 무역의 관리기구 ······································································· 299
1.3 대외 무역관리의 수단 ······························································ 301
제2절 무역거래 등의 관리 305
2.1 무역거래자의 의의 ··································································· 305
2.2 전문무역상사 ············································································ 307
2.3 원산지제도 ··············································································· 308
제3절 수출절차 314
3.1 수출절차의 의의 ······································································· 314
3.2 수출계약의 체결 ······································································· 315
3.3 신용장의 내도와 수출신고 ······················································· 316
3.4 수출신고 심사 및 수리 ····························································· 317
3.5 수출승인 ··················································································· 319
3.6 수출통관 ··················································································· 320
3.7 선적 ·························································································· 324
3.8 수출대금의 회수 ······································································· 325
3.9 관세환급 및 사후관리 ······························································ 325
제4절 수입절차 326
4.1 수입절차의 개요 ······································································· 326
4.2 수입계약체결과 수입신고 ························································ 326
4.3 수입승인 ··················································································· 327
4.4 수입신용장의 개설 ··································································· 328
4.5 선적서류내도 및 수입대금결제 ··············································· 328
4.6 수입통관 ··················································································· 330
제10장 무역계약론
제1절 무역계약의 사전단계 338
1.1 해외시장조사 ············································································ 338
1.2 해외시장조사의 내용 ······························································· 338
1.3 시장조사의 방법 ······································································· 339
1.4 거래처의 선정과 신용조사 ······················································· 340
제2절 청약과 승낙 343
2.1 청약의 의의 및 종류 ································································ 343
2.2 승낙 ·························································································· 347
2.3 무역계약의 성립 ······································································· 348
제3절 무역계약의 기초 348
3.1 무역계약의 의의 ······································································· 348
3.2 무역계약의 성격 ······································································· 349
3.3 무역계약의 종류 ······································································· 351
3.4 무역계약 내용 ·········································································· 352
3.5 일반거래조건의 협정 ······························································· 353
제4절 무역계약의 기본조건 356
4.1 거래당사자에 관한 조건 ·························································· 356
4.2 품질조건 ··················································································· 356
4.3 수량조건 ··················································································· 360
4.4 화인 ·························································································· 364
4.5 가격조건 ··················································································· 365
4.6 선적조건 ··················································································· 383
4.7 보험조건 ··················································································· 386
4.8 클레임과 상사중재에 관한 조건 ·············································· 387
제11장 대금결제
제1절 신용장 결제방법 389
1.1 신용장 결제방법 ······································································· 389
1.2 기한부 결제 방식 ····································································· 391
1.3 신용장 ······················································································· 392
1.4 신용장 거래의 특성 ·································································· 394
1.5 신용장 거래의 기능 ·································································· 395
1.6 신용장의 효용과 한계성 ·························································· 396
1.7 신용장에 의한 결제과정 ·························································· 398
1.8 신용장의 당사자 ······································································· 400
1.9 신용장의 종류 ·········································································· 405
1.10 신용장의 형식 ········································································ 415
제2절 무신용장결제방법 419
2.1 추심방법 ··················································································· 419
2.2 송금 방법 ·················································································· 423
제3절 국제 팩토링과 포페이팅 425
3.1 국제 팩토링 ·············································································· 425
3.2 포페이팅 ··················································································· 426
제4절 무역대금결제의 유형 429
4.1 환어음 ······················································································· 429
4.2 선지급 ······················································································· 433
4.3 동시지급(concurrent payment) ··········································· 435
4.4 연지급(deferred payment) ··················································· 435
4.5 전자결제방법 ············································································ 436
제12장 해상운송
제1절 해상운송 440
1.1 해상운송의 의의 및 특성 ························································· 440
제2절 정기선 운송과 부정기선 운송 441
2.1 해상운송의 계약 ······································································· 441
2.2 정기선운송 ··············································································· 443
2.3 정기선과 해운동맹 ··································································· 449
2.4 부정기선운송 ············································································ 450
2.5 선박의 국적과 편의치적 ·························································· 455
제3절 육상운송 456
3.1 자동차 운송 ·············································································· 456
3.2 철도운송 ··················································································· 458
제4절 항공운송 458
4.1 항공운송 ··················································································· 458
4.2 항공화물의 대상과 단위화 ······················································· 461
4.3 항공화물의 탑재 방법 ······························································ 463
4.4 항공운송인과 항공운송사업 ···················································· 464
4.5 항공화물운송장 ········································································ 468
제5절 컨테이너운송 470
5.1 컨테이너의 의의 ······································································· 470
5.2 컨테이너운송의 장․단점 ························································ 472
5.3 컨테이너화물의 종류 ······························································· 472
5.4 컨테이너화물의 유통기지 ························································ 473
5.5 FCL화물과 LCL화물 ······························································· 475
5.6 컨테이너운송의 형태 ······························································· 476
5.7 컨테이너를 이용한 운송수단의 혼합이용 ······························· 477
5.8 컨테이너 안전협정 ··································································· 478
제13장 선적서류
제1절 상업송장 480
1.1 송장의 개념과 종류 ·································································· 480
1.2 상업송장의 발행 및 수리요건 ·················································· 482
제2절 선하증권 483
2.1 선하증권의 의의 ······································································· 483
2.2 선하증권의 기능 ······································································· 483
2.3 선하증권의 법률적 성질 ·························································· 484
2.4 선하증권의 종류 ······································································· 486
2.5 전자식 선하증권 ······································································· 491
2.6 선하증권의 발행 및 배서 ························································· 492
2.7 선적요청서의 작성요령 ···························································· 493
2.8 선하증권의 기재사항 ······························································· 496
제3절 보험증권 500
3.1 보험서류의 의의와 종류 ·························································· 500
3.2 보험증권의 기재요령 ······························································· 501
제4절 포장명세서, 원산지증명서 504
4.1 포장명세서의 의의 ··································································· 504
4.2 포장명세서의 작성요령 ···························································· 504
4.3 원산지증명서의 의의 ······························································· 506
제5절 기타 선적서류 506
5.1 중량(용적)증명서 ····································································· 506
5.2 검사증명서 ··············································································· 507
5.3 위생증명서 ··············································································· 508
제6절 복합운송 508
6.1 복합운송의 의의 ······································································· 508
6.2 복합운송증권 ············································································ 509
6.3 복합운송인의 책임원칙 ···························································· 510
제14장 보험론
제1절 해상보험 514
1.1 해상보험의 의의 및 범위 ························································· 514
1.2 해상보험의 계약당사자 ···························································· 515
1.3 해상보험의 분류 ······································································· 516
1.4 피보험이익 ··············································································· 518
1.5 보험 계약자의 의무 ·································································· 519
1.6 해상위험과 근인주의 ······························································· 520
제2절 해상손해 522
2.1 해상손해의 의의 ······································································· 522
2.2 해상손해의 유형 ······································································· 523
2.3 비용손해 ··················································································· 527
2.4 배상책임손해 ············································································ 529
제3절 협회적하약관 530
3.1 협회적하약관의 의의 ······························································· 530
3.2 신 협회적하약관 ······································································· 533
3.3 보험금 청구 ·············································································· 544
제15장 무역분쟁과 해결
제1절 무역클레임의 발생 547
1.1 무역클레임의 의의 ··································································· 547
1.2 무역클레임의 내용 ··································································· 547
제2절 무역클레임의 종류 548
2.1 클레임의 발생원인에 따른 분류 ·············································· 548
2.2 클레임의 성격에 따른 분류 ····················································· 549
제3절 무역클레임 해결 549
3.1 매매당사자 간의 해결 ······························································ 550
3.2 제3자를 통한 해결 ··································································· 550
3.3 ADR ························································································· 551
제4절 클레임의 제기 552
4.1 클레임의 제기절차 ··································································· 552
4.2 클레임 제기시의 구비서류 ······················································· 553
4.3 무역클레임을 제기 받은 경우 유의사항 ·································· 553
제5절 상사중재제도 554
5.1 상사중재의 의의 및 특징 ························································· 554
5.2 중재절차 ··················································································· 554
제16장 무역자동화와 인터넷 무역
제1절 EDI의 개요 558
1.1 EDI의 의의와 효과 ·································································· 558
1.2 EDI 표준 ·················································································· 560
1.3 EDI 네트워크 ··········································································· 562
제2절 무역자동화 564
2.1 무역자동화의 의의 ··································································· 564
2.2 수출입 단계별 무역자동화 ······················································· 565
제3절 인터넷 EDI 568
3.1 인터넷 EDI의 정의 ·································································· 568
3.2 인터넷 EDI의 도입동기 ··························································· 570
제4절 인터넷무역의 이해 572
4.1 인터넷무역의 의의 ··································································· 572
4.2 인터넷무역의 거래수단 ···························································· 575
4.3 인터넷무역의 전망 및 유망품목 ·············································· 576
4.4 인터넷무역의 수출절차 ···························································· 577
4.5 인터넷무역 지원기관 ······························································· 580
찾아보기 ··································································································· 583