Introduction to Linear Algebra (Hardcover, 4th)

1. Introduction to Vectors: 1.1 Vectors and linear combinations; 1.2 Lengths and dot products; 1.3 Matrices; 2. Solving Linear Equations: 2.1 Vectors and linear equations; 2.2 The idea of elimination; 2.3 Elimination using matrices; 2.4 Rules for matrix operations; 2.5 Inverse matrices; 2.6 Elimination = factorization: A = LU; 2.7 Transposes and permutations; 3. Vector Spaces and Subspaces: 3.1 Spaces of vectors; 3.2 The nullspace of A: solving Ax = 0; 3.3 The rank and the row reduced form; 3.4 The complete solution to Ax = b; 3.5 Independence, basis and dimension; 3.6 Dimensions of the four subspaces; 4. Orthogonality: 4.1 Orthogonality of the four subspaces; 4.2 Projections; 4.3 Least squares approximations; 4.4 Orthogonal bases and Gram-Schmidt; 5. Determinants: 5.1 The properties of determinants; 5.2 Permutations and cofactors; 5.3 Cramer's rule, inverses, and volumes; 6. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: 6.1 Introduction to eigenvalues; 6.2 Diagonalizing a matrix; 6.3 Applications to differential equations; 6.4 Symmetric matrices; 6.5 Positive definite matrices; 6.6 Similar matrices; 6.7 Singular value decomposition (SVD); 7. Linear Transformations: 7.1 The idea of a linear transformation; 7.2 The matrix of a linear transformation; 7.3 Diagonalization and the pseudoinverse; 8. Applications: 8.1 Matrices in engineering; 8.2 Graphs and networks; 8.3 Markov matrices, population, and economics; 8.4 Linear programming; 8.5 Fourier series: linear algebra for functions; 8.6 Linear algebra for statistics and probability; 8.7 Computer graphics; 9. Numerical Linear Algebra: 9.1 Gaussian elimination in practice; 9.2 Norms and condition numbers; 9.3 Iterative methods for linear algebra; 10. Complex Vectors and Matrices: 10.1 Complex numbers; 10.2 Hermitian and unitary matrices; 10.3 The fast Fourier transform; Solutions to selected exercises; Matrix factorizations; Conceptual questions for review; Glossary: a dictionary for linear algebra; Index; Teaching codes.