A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry (Paperback, 1)

CHAPTER ONE. ORBITALS AND BONDING1.1 ORBITALS 1.1.A. ATOMIC ORBITALS 1.1.B. ELECTRON CONFIGURATION 1.1.C. MOLECULAR ORBITALS1.2 BONDING 1.2.A. IONIC BONDING 1.2.B. COVALENT BONDING1.3 HYBRIDIZATION1.4. RESONANCEEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER TWO. STRUCTURE OF MOLECULES2.1. BASIC STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC MOLECULES 2.1.A. Fundamental Structures 2.1.B. Structures With Other Atoms Bonded to Carbon2.2. THE VSEPR MODEL AND MOLECULAR GEOMETRY2.3. DIPOLE MOMENT2.4. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS2.5. FORMAL CHARGE2.6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMS.CHAPTER THREE. ACIDS AND BASES3.1 ACIDS AND BASES3.2 ENERGETICS3.3. THE ACIDITY CONSTANT, Ka3.4. STRUCTURAL FEATURES THAT INFLUENCE ACIDITY3.5. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO MAKING THE ACID MORE ACIDICEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER FOUR. ALKANES, ISOMERS, AND NOMENCLATURE4.1. DEFINITION AND BASIC NOMENCLATURE4.2. STRUCTURAL ISOMERS4.3. IUPAC NOMENCLATURE4.4. CYCLIC ALKANESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER FIVE. CONFORMATIONS5.1. ACYCLIC CONFORMATIONS5.2. CONFORMATIONS OF CYCLIC MOLECULESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER SIX. STEREOCHEMISTRY6.1. CHIRALITY6.2. SPECIFIC ROTATION6.3. SEQUENCE RULES6.4. DIASTEREOMERS6.5. OPTICAL RESOLUTIONEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER SEVEN. ALKENES AND ALKYNES: STRUCTURE, NOMENCLATURE AND REACTIONS7.1. STRUCTURE OF ALKENES7.2. NOMENCLATURE OF ALKENES7.3. REACTIONS OF ALKENES7.4. REACTION OF ALKENES WITH LEWIS ACID REAGENTS 7.4.A. Hydroxylation 7.4.B. Epoxidation 7.4.C. Dihydroxylation 7.4.D. Halogenation 7.4.E. Hydroboration7.5. STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF ALKYNES7.6 . REACTIONS OF ALKYNESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER EIGHT. ALKYL HALIDES AND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS8.1. STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND NOMENCLATURE OF ALKYL HALIDES8.2. SECOND ORDER NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION (SN2) REACTIONS8.3. OTHER NUCLEOPHILES IN SN2 REACTIONS8.4. FIRST ORDER NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION (SN1) REACTIONS8.5. COMPETITION BETWEEN SN2 VS. SN1 REACTIONS8.6. RADICAL HALOGENATION OF ALKANESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER NINE. ELIMINATION REACTIONS9.1. THE E2 REACTION9.2. THE E1 REACTION9.3. PREPARATION OF ALKYNES9.4. SYN ELIMINATIONEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER TEN. ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS10.1 ORGANOMETALLICS10.2. ORGANOMAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS10.3 ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUNDS10.4. BASICITY10.5. REACTION WITH EPOXIDES10.6. OTHER METALSEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER ELEVEN. SPECTROSCOPY11.1. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM11.2. MASS SPECTROMETRY (MS)11.3. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (IR)11.4. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (NMR)End of Chapter ProblemsCHAPTER TWELVE. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. ACYL ADDITION REACTIONS12.1 STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES12.2. REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES WITH WEAK NUCLEOPHILES12.3. REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. STRONG NUCLEOPHILES12.4. THE WITTIG REACTIONEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER THIRTEEN. OXIDATION REACTIONS13.1. OXIDATION REACTIONS OF ALKENES13.2 OXIDATION OF ALKENES: EPOXIDATION13.3. OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE: OZONOLYSIS13.4. OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE. PERIODIC ACID CLEAVAGE OF 1,2-DIOLS13.5. OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS TO ALDEHYDES OR KETONESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER FOURTEEN. REDUCTION REACTIONS14.1. CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION14.2. DISSOLVING METAL REDUCTION: ALKYNES14.3. HYDRIDE REDUCTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES14.4. CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION AND DISSOLVING METAL REDUCTIONS. ALDEHYDES AND KETONESEnd of Chapter ProblemsCHAPTER FIFTEEN. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND ACYL SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS15.1. STRUCTURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS15.2. PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS15.3. CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES15.4. PREPARATION OF ACID DERIVATIVES15.5 HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES15.6. REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ACID DERIVATIVES15.7. DIBASIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDSEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER SIXTEEN. BENZENE, AROMATICITY, AND BENZENE DERIVATIVES16.1. BENZENE AND NOMENCLATURE OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS16.2. ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION16.3 SYNTHESIS VIA AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION16.4. NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION16.5. REDUCTION OF BENZENE AND BENZENE DERIVATIVES16.6. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AND HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDSEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER SEVENTEEN. ENOLATE ANIONS AND CONDENSATION REACTIONS17.1 ALDEHYDES, KETONES, ENOLS, AND ENOLATE ANIONS17.2. ENOLATE ALKYLATION17.3. CONDENSATION REACTIONS OF ENOLATE ANIONS AND ALDEHYDES OR KETONES17.4. ENOLATE ANIONS FROM CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER EIGHTEEN. CONJUGATION AND REACTIONS OF CONJUGATED COMPOUNDS18.1. CONJUGATED MOLECULES18.2. STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF CONJUGATED SYSTEMS18.3. REACTIONS OF CONJUGATED MOLECULES18.4. THE DIELS-ALDER REACTION18.5. [3+2]-CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS18.6. SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS18.7. ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPYEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER NINETEEN. AMINES19.1. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES19.2. PREPARATION OF AMINES19.3. REACTIONS OF AMINES19.4. HETEROCYCLIC AMINESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER TWENTY. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS20.1 AMINO ACIDS20.2. SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS20.3. REACTIONS OF AMINO ACIDS20.4. PROTEINSEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSCHAPTER TWENTY-ONE. CARBOHYDRATES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS21.1. CARBOHYDRATES21.2. DISACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES21.3. SYNTHESIS OF CARBOHYDRATES21.4. REACTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES21.5. NUCLEIC ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEOSIDESEND OF CHAPTER PROBLEMSANSWERS TO END OF CHAPTER PROBLEMS