How Things Work: The Physics of Everyday Life (Paperback, 5, Revised)

Foreword v Preface xiv C H A P T E R 1 THE LAWS OF MOTION, PART 1 1 Experiment: Removing a Tablecloth from a Table 1 Chapter Itinerary 2 1.1 Skating 3 (inertia, coasting, vector quantities, position, velocity, force, acceleration, mass, net force, Newton's fi rst and second laws, inertial frames of reference, units) 1.2 Falling Balls 14 (gravity, weight, constant acceleration, projectile motion, vector components) 1.3 Ramps 24 (support forces, Newton's third law, energy, work, conservation of energy, kinetic and potential energies, gravitational potential energy, ramps, mechanical advantage) Epilogue for Chapter 1 35 / Explanation: Removing a Tablecloth from a Table 35 / Chapter Summary 35 / Exercises 37 / Problems 38 C H A P T E R 2 THE LAWS OF MOTION, PART 2 40 Experiment: A Spinning Pie Dish 40 Chapter Itinerary 41 2.1 Seesaws 42 (rotational inertia; angular velocity; torque; angular acceleration; rotational mass; net torque; Newton's fi rst, second, and third laws of rotation; centers of mass and gravity; levers; balance) 2.2 Wheels 57 (friction, traction, ordered and thermal energies, wheels, bearings, kinetic energy, power, rotational work) 2.3 Bumper Cars 69 (momentum, impulse, conservation of momentum, angular momentum, angular impulse, conservation of angular momentum, gradients, potential energy, acceleration, and forces) Epilogue for Chapter 2 81 / Explanation: A Spinning Pie Dish 81 / Chapter Summary 81 / Exercises 83 / Problems 84 C H A P T E R 3 MECHANICAL OBJECTS, PART 1 86 Experiment: Swinging Water Overhead 86 Chapter Itinerary 87 3.1 Spring Scales 88 (equilibrium, stable equilibrium, restoring force, Hooke's law, elastic potential energy, oscillation, calibration)3.2 Ball Sports: Bouncing 94 (collisions, energy transfers, elastic and inelastic collisions, vibration) 3.3 Carousels and Roller Coasters 102 (uniform circular motion, feeling of acceleration, apparent weight, centripetal acceleration) Epilogue for Chapter 3 111 / Explanation: Swinging Water Overhead 112 / Chapter Summary 112 / Exercises 113 / Problems 115 C H A P T E R 4 MECHANICAL OBJECTS, PART 2 116 Experiment: High-Flying Balls 116 Chapter Itinerary 117 4.1 Bicycles 118 (stable, neutral, and unstable equilibriums; static and dynamic stability; precession) 4.2 Rockets and Space Travel 126 (reaction forces, law of universal gravitation, elliptical orbits, escape velocity, Kepler's laws, speed of light, special and general relativity, equivalence principle) Epilogue for Chapter 4 139 / Explanation: High-Flying Balls 139 / Chapter Summary 139 / Exercises 140 / Problems 142 C H A P T E R 5 FLUIDS 143 Experiment: A Cartesian Diver 143 Chapter Itinerary 144 5.1 Balloons 145 (pressure, density, temperature, thermal motion, absolute zero, Archimedes' principle, buoyant force, ideal gas law) 5.2 Water Distribution 157 (hydrostatics, Pascal's principle, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, steady state flow, streamlines, pressure potential energy, Bernoulli's equation) Epilogue for Chapter 5 167 / Explanation: A Cartesian Diver 167 / Chapter Summary 167 / Exercises 168 / Problems 169 C H A P T E R 6 FLUIDS AND MOTION 171 Experiment: A Vortex Cannon 171 Chapter Itinerary 172 6.1 Garden Watering 173 (viscous forces, Poiseuille's law, laminar and turbulent flows, speed and pressure in a fluid, Reynolds number, chaos, momentum in a fluid) 6.2 Ball Sports: Air 184 (aerodynamics, aerodynamic lift and drag, viscous drag, pressure drag, boundary layers, stalls, Magnus and wake deflection forces) 6.3 Airplanes 193 (airfoils, streamlining, lifting wings, angle of attack, induced drag, stalled wings, thrust) Epilogue for Chapter 6 204 / Explanation: A Vortex Cannon 204 / Chapter Summary 204 / Exercises 205 / Problems 207 C H A P T E R 7 HEAT AND PHASE TRANSITIONS 208 Experiment: A Ruler Thermometer 208 Chapter Itinerary 209 7.1 Woodstoves 210 (thermal energy, heat, temperature, thermal equilibrium, chemical bonds and