The Broadview Anthology of Social and Political Thought - Volume 1: From Plato to Nietzsche (Paperback)

Preface
Acknowledgements

PART I The Classical Period

THUCYDIDES

• History of the Peloponnesian War, 2.40: Pericles’ Funeral Oration
• History of the Peloponnesian War, 5.84-116: Melian Dialogue

PLATO

• Apology
• Crito
• Death Scene from the Phaedo
• The Republic
• Book 1
  Book 2
  from Book 3
  from Book 4
  from Book 5
  from Book 7
  Book 8
  from Book 9
• Laws, Book 1

ARISTOTLE

• Nicomachean Ethics
• Book 1 [Happiness]
  Book 2 [Virtue of Character]
  from Book 3 [The Individual Virtues of Character]
  Book 5 [Justice]
  Book 8 [Friendship]
  from Book 10 [Happiness: Further Discussion]
• [From Ethics to Politics]
• Politics
• Book 1
  Book 2
  Book 3
  Book 4
  from Book 5
  from Book 7

POLYBIUS

• The Histories: Fragments of Book 6
  
  • 1. From Preface
    2. On the Forms of States
    5. On the Roman Constitution at its Prime

MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO

• On Duties (44 BCE)

LUCIUS ANNAEUS SENECA

• Letter on Slaves

PART II The Medieval Period

ST. AUGUSTINE

• City of God (413-427), from Preface

AL-FÃRÃBI

• The Political Regime
• A. The Ignorant Cities
  B. The Immoral Cities
  C. The Erring Cities
  D. The Weeds in Virtuous Cities

MOSES MAIMONIDES

• Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190)
• from Part 3, Chapter 27
  from Part 3, Chapter 28
  Part 3, Chapter 34

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

• Summa Contra Gentiles (1258-1264)
• Book 1, Chapter 3
  Book 1, Chapter 4
  Book 1, Chapter 7
  Book 1, Chapter 8
  Book 3, Chapter 64
  Book 3, Chapter 81
• Summa Theologiae (1265-1274)
• Question 90. The Essence of Law
  Question 94. The Natural Law
  Question 95. Human Law

MARSILIUS OF PADUA

• The Defender of the Peace (1324)
• Discourse 1, Chapter 10
  Discourse 1, Chapter 11

CHRISTINE DE PIZAN

• City of the Ladies (c. 1405)
• 1. Here Begins the Book of the City of the Ladies, in which the First Chapter Tells Whyand for What Purpose This Book Was Written
• The Book of the Body Politic (1406-1407)
• Chapter 4. Here We Begin to Discuss the Third Estate of the People, and First, Clerics Studying the Branches of Knowledge
  Chapter 5. More on the Same Subject
  Chapter 6. On the Second Estate of People, That Is, the Burghers and Merchants
  Chapter 8. On Merchants
  Chapter 9. The Third Class of the People
  Chapter 10. On Simple Laborers
• The Book of Deeds of Arms and of Chivalry (1410)
  • Concerning the Prime Causes of Wars and Battles
    V. Considerations a King or Prince Should Entertain in Initiating War and the Points He Should Keep in Mind While Deliberating the Matter

PART III The Early Modern Period

NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI

• The Prince
• Dedication
  Chapter 5: Concerning the way to govern cities or principalities which lived under their own laws before they were annexed
  Chapter 6: Concerning new principalities which are acquired through one’s own arms and ability
  Chapter 7: Concerning new principalities which are acquired either through the arms of others or by good fortune
  Chapter 8: Concerning those who have obtained a principality through wickedness
  Chapter 9: Concerning a civil principality
  Chapter 10: Concerning the way in which the strength of all principalities ought to be measured
  Chapter 11: Concerning ecclesiastical principalities
  Chapter 12: Of the different types of troops and mercenaries
  Chapter 13: Concerning auxiliary, mixed, and citizen soldiers
  Chapter 14: That which concerns a prince on the subject of the art of war
  Chapter 15: Concerning things for which men, and especially princes, are praised or blamed
  Chapter 16: Concerning generosity and miserliness
  Chapter 17: Concerning cruelty and mercy, and whether it is better to be loved than feared
  Chapter 18: Concerning the way in which princes should keep their word
  Chapter 19: That one should avoid being despised and hated
  Chapter 21: How a prince should act in order to gain esteem
  Chapter 22: Concerning princes’ advisors
  Chapter 23: How to avoid flatterers
  Chapter 24: Why the princes of Italy have lost their states
  Chapter 25: Of fortune’s power in human affairs, and how to deal with her
  Chapter 26: An exhortation to liberate Italy from the barbarians
• Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius (1512-1517)
• Niccolò Machiavelli to Zanobi Buondelmonte and Cosima Rucellai
  from First Book
• Introduction
  Chapter 1: Of the Beginning of Cities in General, and Especially that of the City of Rome
  Chapter 2: Of the Different Kinds of Republics, and of what Kind the Roman Republic Was
• from Second Book
• Introduction
  Chapter 2: What Nations the Romans Had to Contend Against and with What Obstinacy They Defended their Liberty
  Chapter 20: Of the Dangers to which Princes and Republic are Exposed that Employ Auxiliary or Mercenary Troops
  Chapter 29: Fortune Blinds the Minds of Men When She Does Not Wish Them to Oppose Her Designs
  
• from Third Book
• Chapter 9: Whoever Desires Constant Success Must Change his Conduct with the Times

MARTIN LUTHER

• from Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed (1523)

JOHN CALVIN

• from On Civil Government (1534)

THOMAS HOBBES

• Leviathan (1651)
• The Introduction
• Part 1: Of Man
• Chapter 10: Of Power, Worth, Dignity, Honor, and Worthiness
  Chapter 11: Of the Difference of Manners
  Chapter 13: Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery
  Chapter 14: Of the First and Second Natural Laws, and of Contracts
  Chapter 15: Of Other Laws of Nature
  Chapter 16: Of Persons, Authors, and Things Personated
• Part 2: Of Commonwealth
• Chapter 17: Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Commonwealth
  Chapter 18: Of the Rights of Sovereigns by Institution
  Chapter 19: Of the Several Kinds of Commonwealth by Institution and of Succession to the Sovereign Power
  Chapter 20: Of Dominion Paternal and Despotical
  Chapter 21: Of the Liberty of Subjects
  Chapter 26: Of Civil Laws
  Chapter 29: Of Those Things that Weaken or Tend to the Dissolution of a Commonwealth
  Chapter 30: Of the Office of the Sovereign Representative

JOHN LOCKE

• The Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690)
• Preface
  Book 2 [The Second Treatise]
• A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)

MARY ASTELL

• Some Reflections upon Marriage (1700), from Preface

MONTESQUIEU

• The Spirit of the Laws (1748), from Part 2, Book 11

DAVID HUME

• A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740), Part 2: Of Justice and Injustice
• An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751)
• Appendix 3: Some Farther Considerations with Regard to Justice
• Of the Original Contract (1748)

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

• Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Men (1755)
• Preface
  Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men
  Appendix 1: Note [On Good and Evil in Human Life]
  Appendix 2: Note [On Human Variety]
  Appendix 3: Note [On the Views of John Locke]
  Appendix 4: Note [On Humans Living in an Intermediate Stage]
• On the Social Contract or Principles of Political Right (1762)
  Foreword
  Book 1
  Book 2
  Book 3
  Book 4

ADAM SMITH

• The Wealth of Nations (1776)
• from Book 1. Of the Causes of Improvement in the Productive Powers of Labor, and of the Order According to Which Its Produce is Naturally Distributed Among the Different Ranks of the People
• Chapter 1: Of the Division of Labor
  Chapter 2: Of the Principle Which Gives Occasion to the Division of Labor
  Chapter 3: That the Division of Labor Is Limited by the Extent of the Market
  Chapter 10, Part 2: Inequalities by the Policy of Europe
• from Book 4
• Chapter 2: Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of Such Goodsas Can Be Produced At Home
  Chapter 9: Of the Agricultural Systems

IMMANUEL KANT

• Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785)
• from the Preface
  First Section: Transition from the Common Rational Moral Cognition to the PhilosophicalMoral Cognition
  from Second Section: Transition from Popular Moral Philosophy to the Metaphysics of Morals
• To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795)
• “To Perpetual Peace”
  First Section: Which Contains the Preliminary Articles for Perpetual Peace Among Nations(1795)
  Second Section: Which Contains the Definitive Articles for Perpetual Peace Among Nations
  Appendix

THOMAS JEFFERSON

• The Declaration of Independence [as amended and adopted in Congress], July 4, 1776

ALEXANDER HAMILTON and JAMES MADISON

• The Federalist No. 9
  The Federalist No. 10
  The Federalist No. 51
  The Federalist No. 78

OLYMPE DE GOUGES

• Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791)

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

• A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792)
• Advertisement
• Introduction
• from Part 1
• from Chapter 1: The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind Considered
  from Chapter 2: The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed
  from Chapter 3: The Same Subject Continued
  from Chapter 4: Observations on the State of Degradation to Which Woman Is Reduced by Various Causes
  from Chapter 5: Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have RenderedWomen Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt
  from Chapter 6: The Effect Which an Early Association of Ideas Has Upon the Character
  from Chapter 9: Of the Pernicious Eff ects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society
  from Chapter 12: On National Education
  from Chapter 13: Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance of Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the Moral Improvement that a Revolution in Female Manners Might Naturally Be Expected to Produce

EDMUND BURKE

• from Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
• from On “Geographical Morality”

PART IV The Nineteenth Century

BENJAMIN CONSTANT

• The Liberty of Ancients Compared with that of Moderns (1816)

GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL

• The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807)
• A. Independence and Dependence of Self-Consciousness: Lordship and Bondage
• Philosophy of Right (1821)
• from Preface
  from Introduction
  from Subdivisions
  from Part One: Abstract Right
  from Part Three: Ethical Life

JEREMY BENTHAM

• An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780, published 1789)
• Chapter 1: Of the Principle of Utility
  Chapter 4: Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain, How to Be Measured
  Chapter 13: Cases Unmeet for Punishment
• Offences against One’s Self: Paederasty, Part 1 (1785)
• Panopticon; or the Inspection-House (1789)
Letter 1: Idea of the Inspection House
Letter 2: Plan for a Penitentiary Inspection-House
Letter 5: Essential Points of the Plan
Letter 6: Advantages of the Plan

JOHN STUART MILL

• On Liberty (1859)
• from Chapter 1: Introductory
  from Chapter 2: Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion
  from Chapter 3: On Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-being
  from Chapter 4: Of the Limits of the Authority of Society Over the Individual
  from Chapter 5: Applications
• Considerations on Representative Government (1861)
• from Chapter 10: Of the Mode of Voting
  Chapter 16: Of Nationality, as Connected with Representative Government
• Utilitarianism (1863)
• from Chapter 2: What Utilitarianism Is
  from Chapter 3: Of the Ultimate Sanction of the Principle of Utility
  from Chapter 5: On the Connection between Justice and Utility
• from The Subjection of Women (1869)

HARRIET (HARDY) TAYLOR MILL

• The Enfranchisement of Women (1851)

SOJOURNER TRUTH

• Speech Delivered at the Akron, Ohio Convention on Women’s Rights, 1851
• As Reported by the Anti-Slavery Bugle, 21 June 1851
  As Reported by F.D. Gage for the National Anti-Slavery Standard, 2 May 1863

ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE

• Democracy in America (1835)
• Chapter 5: On the Use that Americans Make of Public Associations in Civil Life
  Chapter 6: Of the Relation between Associations and Newspapers
  Chapter 7: The Relationship between Civil and Political Associations
  Chapter 8: How Americans Combat Individualism with the Principle of Self-Interest Rightly Understood

HENRY DAVID THOREAU

• from Civil Disobedience (1849)

KARL MARX and FRIEDRICH ENGELS

• On Bruno Bauer’s On the Jewish Question (1843)
• On Bruno Bauer’s The Capacity for the Present-day Jews and Christians to Become Free (1843)
• Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (1844)
• Estranged Labor
  Private Property and Communism
• The German Ideology (1845), A. Ideology in General, German Ideology in Particular
• Theses On Feuerbach (1845)
• The Communist Manifesto (1848)
1. Bourgeois and Proletarians
2. Proletarians and Communists
3. Socialist and Communist Literature
   Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties
• Critique of the Gotha Program (1875)

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

• Beyond Good and Evil
• from Part Five: A Natural History of Morals
  from Part Nine: What is Noble?
• On the Genealogy of Morals
  
  • from First Essay: Good and Evil, Good and Bad
    from Second Essay: Guilt, Bad Conscience and Related Matters

Sources/Permission Acknowledgments

Index of Authors and Titles