Mobile Robot Automation in Warehouses: A Framework for Decision Making and Integration (Hardcover, 2023)

· 제목 : Mobile Robot Automation in Warehouses: A Framework for Decision Making and Integration (Hardcover, 2023) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 경제경영 > 제품생산관리
· ISBN : 9783031123061
· 쪽수 : 150쪽

1.       Introduction

This chapter will present sector trends and importance of automation and mobile robot solutions in warehouses (why they are being used and how can they help to the warehouse). It will provide a list of key players in the market and convergence in services offered as their unique selling points.

2.       Methodology

This chapter will provide details on the systematic literature review methodology followed to produce the state-of-the-art in mobile robot automation. It will explain the application process, inclusion/exclusion/quality criteria, and other analysis details for the pool of peer-reviewed papers. The chapter is necessary for reproducibility and replicability reasons. Although at the time the book is written, it is recent, as time passes, the reader may wish to identify papers that are published after the book, and they can follow the methodology explained in this chapter for that purpose.

2.1.     Planning the Review

2.2.     Conducting the Review

3.       Mobile Robot Systems and Their Evaluation

This chapter will provide definitions of ten mobile robot systems incorporating suitable practical (company) examples and case analyses as applicable in support of the book’s goals. It will evaluate these systems using a multiple-criteria rating approach, where the criteria are also identified through the literature review. The five criteria used in the analysis are: mobile robot cost, flexibility in material handling, flexibility in the infrastructure, scalability, and time to implement. The chapter will provide justifications for these criteria when selecting a mobile robot automation system. Then, the ten mobile robot systems are rated on a 3-point scale in each criterion where the higher the score, the better the performance in the given criterion. The rationale for this multi-criteria selection support for mobile robot systems is further explained with multiple realistic warehouse scenarios with decision trees and using supply chain experts’ judgments on each criterion to provide guided examples of the approach.

3.1.     Linear Route Mobile Robots

3.1.1.  Rail Using Mobile Robots

3.1.2.  Wire Using Mobile Robots

3.2.     Guided Mobile Robots

3.2.1.  Barcode-Guided Mobile Robots

3.2.2.  Laser-Guided Mobile Robots

3.3.     Freeway Mobile Robots

3.3.1.  Autonomous Forklifts and Pallet Trucks

3.3.2.  Human-collaborated Mobile Robots

3.3.3.  Mobile Picking Robots

3.4.     Hybrid Systems

3.4.1.  AS/RS, Conveyors, and Linear Mobile Robots

3.4.2.  Picker and Transport Robots

3.4.3.  Laser-Guided Mobile Robots and Pallet Shuttles

3.5.     Realistic Scenarios and Guided Examples of Evaluation Criteria

3.6.     Practical Value of the Chapter

4.       Mobile Robot Management: Focus Areas at the Strategic Level

This chapter will present strategic level decisions for mobile robot automation in warehouses which involve comprehensive, long-term business decisions such as the desired warehouse performance metrics and the type of mobile robot systems. These decisions are generally taken before the installation stage of mobile robot systems, and they are rather difficult to alter during the implementation. The effects of these decisions occur in the long run which might be years.

4.1.     Identifying the Criteria for Mobile Robot System Evaluation (According to which criteria to choose a mobile robot system?)

4.2.     Identifying Key Performance Indicators (How to choose warehouse-specific and mobile robot system-specific KPIs?)

4.3.     Types of Mobile Robots and Their Coordination (AGVs or AMRs? ? Centralised or decentralised coordination?)

4.4.     Facility Layout (How many floors? What is the flow-path of robots? From where to pick and drop products and refuel robots?)

4.5.     Human-Robot Interaction (Which policies should be followed in task distribution? How to manage the change? How to create a safe environment?)

4.6.     Practical Value of the Chapter

5.       Mobile Robot Management: Focus Areas at the Tactical Level

This chapter will follow the previous chapter on strategic decisions with tactical decisions. Based on strategic decisions, tactical decisions have a medium-term effect on warehouse operations. These decisions are easier to adjust during the implementation stage compared to strategic level decisions, but they should not (and generally cannot) be changed in the short-term.

5.1.     Storage Assignment Plan (What are the rules or approaches on storage? How many pick locations are required for an SKU?)

5.2.     Order Management Plan (Online/dynamic or offline/static order management? Batches, waves, or clusters of orders?)

5.3.     Quantity of Robots (How to decide the number of robots in the operation?)

5.4.     Maintenance and Failure Handling (How often to do maintenance and how to estimate robot failures? What to do if a robot fails?)

5.5.     Robot Energy Management (When, where, and how to charge? Plug-in versus battery swap?)

5.6.      Practical Value of the Chapter

6.       Mobile Robot Management: Focus Areas at the Operational Level

The tactical decisions provide a boundary for the operational decisions to be taken when running the warehouse on a day to day basis. Operational level decisions could be altered in the short-term and their effect on the warehouse operations could be observed within the same month or even within the same day as they directly affect operations. Thus, warehouse managers can experiment (without jeopardising the ongoing operations) with their decisions to optimise the operational focus areas.

6.1.     Mobile Robot Task Allocation (Where to go? When to go? Pick or replenishment or charging order?)

6.2.     Path Planning of Mobile Robots (How to go in the shortest time?)

6.3.     Deadlock Resolution and Conflict Avoidance Plans (How to overcome conflicts and deadlocks?)

6.4.     Practical Value of the Chapter

7.       Managerial Decision Framework and Further Considerations

This chapter synthesises the previous chapters 4-6 to provide a conceptual framework of managerial decisions at every level to aid warehouse managers in choosing and implementing mobile robot systems including a cost/benefit assessment example. It provides focus areas for each decision and the questions the decisions should answer. It also addresses concepts that have not formally affected the managerial decision framework yet are eligible for further attention. It provides a critique of the social and technical aspects for mobile robot implementation, specifically topics on human-robot interaction and algorithms that may be deployed to manage the behaviour of robots in the warehouse.

7.1.     Extensions on Change Management and Social Considerations

7.2.     Extensions on Algorithms, Simulations, and Technical Considerations

8.       Research Agenda

This book with its in-depth focus on mobile robot automation in warehouses has identified several gaps in the literature and exciting research avenues that emerge as our deployment of such robots increases. Hence, this chapter provides a structured research agenda, stemming from the previous chapters, inviting the reader to consider theoretical and applied research in specific problem domains.

8.1.     Mobile robot systems and selection criteria

8.2.     Managerial decision framework

8.2.1.  Focus areas at the strategic level

8.2.2.  Focus areas at the tactical level

8.2.3.  Focus areas at the operational level

9.       Conclusion

This final chapter concludes the book, highlighting the key aspects of the new knowledge presented across the preceding chapters, providing recommendations for practitioners, and acknowledging the limitations of the work.