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· 분류 : 외국도서 > 의학 > 신경학
· ISBN : 9783540512424
· 쪽수 : 277쪽
· 출판일 : 1990-05-11
목차
I Theoretical Antecedents.- 1 The Normal Trunk - Evolutionary and Anatomical Considerations.- 1.1 The Vertebral Column.- 1.1.1 Movements of the Vertebral Column.- 1.1.2 Movements of the Rib Cage.- 1.2 Conclusion.- 2 Aspects of Trunk Control.- 2.1 The Bridge.- 2.2 The Tentacle.- 2.3 The Bridge-Tentacle.- 2.3.1 Muscular Control of the Trunk.- 2.3.2 Anatomical Considerations.- 2.3.2.1 Extension.- 2.3.2.2 Shoulder Girdle.- 2.3.2.3 Abdominal Muscles.- 2.3.2.4 Respiration.- 2.4 Types of Muscle Action.- 2.5 Conclusion.- 3 Problems Associated with the Loss of Selective Trunk Activity in Hemiplegia.- 3.1 Possible Reasons for the Bilateral Loss of Abdominal Muscle Activity and Tone.- 3.2 Loss of Selective Activity.- 3.2.1 Muscles of the Trunk.- 3.2.2 Muscles of the Trunk and Limbs Acting Simultaneously.- 3.3 Inability to Move in Normal Patterns.- 3.4 The Most Commonly Observed Problems Seen in Relation to Normal Motor Development.- 3.4.1 Difficulties with Breathing and Speaking.- 3.4.1.1 Distorted Configuration of the Rib Cage.- 3.4.2 Difficulties Observed in Lying.- 3.4.3 Difficulties in Moving Between Lying and Sitting.- 3.4.4 Difficulties in Sitting.- 3.4.5 Difficulties in Standing Up from Sitting.- 3.4.6 Difficulties in Standing.- 3.4.7 Some Difficulties Observed in Walking.- 3.4.7.1 The Stance Phase.- 3.4.7.2 The Swing Phase.- 3.4.7.3 Slow and Effortful Walking with the Stride Width Increased.- 3.4.7.4 Associated Reactions in the Arm.- 3.4.8 Difficulties in Moving the Arm.- 3.5 Conclusion.- II Therapeutic Activities.- 4 Activities in Lying.- 4.1 Facilitating Breathing.- 4.1.1 Moving the Chest Passively.- 4.1.2 Assisting Expiration.- 4.1.3 Facilitating Diaphragmatic Breathing.- 4.2 Flexion/Rotation of the Upper Trunk.- 4.2.1 Assisting Passive Movement.- 4.2.2 Facilitating Active Movement.- 4.3 Retraining Active Protraction of the Scapula with Activation of the Oblique Abdominal Muscles.- 4.3.1 Lifting the Elbows into the Air.- 4.4 Rolling to Prone.- 4.4.1 Rolling Towards the Hemiplegic Side.- 4.4.2 Rolling Towards the Sound Side.- 4.5 Flexion/Rotation of the Lower Trunk.- 4.6 Activating the Oblique Abdominal Muscles in Crook Lying.- 4.7 Position of the Arms.- 4.8 Bridging, a Useful Activity for Regaining Selective Extension of the Hip Together with Abdominal Muscle Activity.- 4.9 Actively Controlling the Hemiplegic Leg Through Its Range of Movement.- 4.10 Conclusion.- 5 Moving Between Lying and Sitting.- 5.1 Sitting Up over the Side of the Bed.- 5.1.1 Fully Supported.- 5.1.2 Less Assistance.- 5.1.3 No Support.- 5.2 Lying Down from Sitting.- 5.3 Rocking in Crook Sitting.- 5.4 Moving the Trunk in Long Sitting.- 5.4.1 Long Sitting with Isolated Knee Extension.- 5.4.2 Moving Towards Supine Lying.- 5.4.3 Lying Down with the Trunk Rotated.- 5.5 Conclusion.- 6 Activities in Sitting.- 6.1 Sitting with Both Legs over the Side of the Plinth.- 6.1.2 Selective Flexion and Extension of the Lower Trunk.- 6.1.3 Trunk Rotation with Flexion.- 6.2 Rotation of the Trunk with Both Arms Supported on the Same Side.- 6.2.1 Rotating Towards the Sound Side.- 6.2.2 Rotating Towards the Hemiplegic Side.- 6.3 Active Movements of the Hemiplegie Arm Following the Inhibition of Spasticity.- 6.4 Weight Transference Sideways.- 6.4.1 Moving Towards the Hemiplegie Side.- 6.4.1.1 A Progressive Sequence to Teach the Correct Movement.- 6.4.2 Moving Towards the Sound Side.- 6.4.2.1 A Progressive Sequence to Teach the Correct Movement.- 6.5 Selective Side Flexion of the Lower Trunk.- 6.6 Active Side Flexion of the Trunk Against Gravity.- 6.7 Moving Forwards and Backwards.- 6.8 Conclusion.- 7 Standing Up from Sitting.- 7.1 Therapeutic and Functional Activities.- 7.1.1 Bringing the Extended Trunk Forwards.- 7.1.2 Standing Up from Sitting.- 7.1.2.1 Supported by the Therapist.- 7.1.2.2 Hands Supported on a Stool.- 7.1.2.3 Weight Bearing on the Hemiplegic Leg Alone.- 7.1.3 Alternating Between Selective Extensor and Flexor Activity of the Trunk and Hips.- 7.1.3.1 Incorporat