Steps to Follow: The Comprehensive Treatment of Patients with Hemiplegia (Paperback, 2)

1 Problems That Cannot Be Seen Directly.- Problems Related to Disturbed Perception.- Some Common Problems Associated with Disturbed Perception.- Reciprocity of Perception and Learning.- Disturbed Perception and Learning.- Implications for Therapy.- Guided Movement Therapy (Guiding).- Therapeutic or Intensive Guiding.- Using Verbal Instructions.- How the Patient is Guided Therapeutically.- Choosing a Task.- Additional Considerations When Choosing a Task.- Guiding When Giving Assistance.- Guiding the Patient in a Standing Position.- Considerations.- 2 Normal Movement Sequences and Balance Reactions.- Analysis of Certain Everyday Movements.- Rolling Over from Supine to Prone.- Sitting, Leaning Forwards to Touch the Feet.- Standing from Sitting on a Chair.- Standing up from the Floor.- Going Up and Down Stairs.- Walking.- Balance, Righting and Equilibrium Reactions.- Lying on a Surface That Tilts Sideways.- Sitting on a Surface That Tilts Sideways.- Sitting, Being Drawn Sideways by Another Person.- Sitting with Both Legs Flexed and Turned to One Side.- Sitting, Reaching Out to Grasp an Object.- Standing, Tipped Backwards.- Standing, Tipped Forwards.- Standing, Tipped Sideways.- Standing on a Tilting Surface, Such as a Tilt-Board.- Automatic Steps to Maintain or Regain Balance.- Steps to Follow.- Balancing on One Leg.- Protective Extension of the Arms.- Task-orientated Arm and Hand Movements.- Considerations.- 3 Abnormal Movement Patterns in Hemiplegia.- Persistence of Primitive Mass Synergies.- The Synergies as They Appear in Association with Hemiplegia.- In the Upper Limb.- In the Lower Limb.- Abnormal Muscle Tone.- Typical Patterns of Spasticity or Hypertonicity.- Placing.- Reappearance of Tonic Reflex Activity.- Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex.- Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex.- Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex.- Positive Supporting Reaction.- Crossed Extensor Reflex.- The Grasp Reflex.- Associated Reactions and Associated Movements.- Abnormal Tension in the Nervous System.- Disturbed Sensation.- Considerations.- 4 Practical Assessment - a Continuing Process.- The Aims of Assessment.- Recommendations for Accurate Assessment.- Specific Aspects of Assessment.- Recording the Assessment.- The Comprehensive Evaluation.- The Head.- The Trunk.- The Upper Limbs.- The Lower Limbs.- Sitting.- Standing.- Weight Transference and Balance Reactions.- Walking.- Comprehension.- The Face, Speaking and Eating.- Sensation.- Functional Abilities.- Leisure Activities and Hobbies.- Considerations.- 5 The Acute Phase - Positioning and Moving in Bed and in the Chair.- The Arrangement of the Patient's Room.- Positioning the Patient in Bed.- Lying on the Hemiplegic Side.- Lying on the Unaffected Side.- Lying Supine.- General Points to Note When Positioning the Patient.- Sitting in Bed.- Sitting in a Chair.- Re-adjusting the Patient's Position in the Wheelchair.- Learning to Propel the Wheelchair Independently.- Self-assisted Arm Activity with Clasped Hands.- Moving in Bed.- Moving Sideways.- Rolling Over Onto the Hemiplegic Side.- Rolling Over Onto the Unaffected Side.- Moving Forwards and Backwards While Sitting in Bed.- Sitting Up Over the Side of the Bed.- Lying Down from Sitting Over the Side of the Bed.- Transferring from Bed to Chair and Back Again.- The Passive Transfer.- The More Active Transfer.- The Active Transfer.- Incontinence.- Constipation.- Considerations.- 6 Normalising Postural Tone and Teaching the Patient to Move Selectively and Without Excessive Effort.- Important Activities for the Trunk and Lower Limbs in Lying.- Inhibiting Extensor Spasticity in the Leg.- Retraining Selective Abdominal Muscle Activity.- Control of the Leg Through Range.- Placing the Leg in Different Positions.- Inhibition of Knee Extension with the Hip in Extension.- Active Control at the Hip.- Selective Hip Extension (Bridging).- Isolated Knee Extension.- Stimulating Active Dorsiflexion of the Foot and Toes.- Rolling Over.- Activities in Sitting.- Correcting the Sitti