Starting Again: Early Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury or Other Severe Brain Lesion (Paperback, 1994. Corr. 2nd)

1 Getting in Touch Again.- Disturbances of Tactile Input.- Assessing Sensation.- Other Perceptual Disturbances.- Problems Related to Disturbed Tactile/Kinaesthetic Input.- Incongruous Behaviour and Movement.- Spasticity.- Additional Factors Contributing to Increased Tone.- Ataxia or Tremor.- Activities Performed Slowly and with Undue Effort.- Dizziness and Nausea.- Persistent Incontinence.- Memory Disorders.- Behavioural Problems.- Inattention or Shortened Attention Span.- Lack of Motivation.- Enhancing Learning in the Treatment Programme.- Choice of Therapeutic Intervention.- Therapeutic Guiding.- Pressing Juice from an Orange.- Tidying up After Completion of a Task.- Important Considerations for Guiding.- The Position of the Therapist and the Patient.- Comprehension of the Ultimate Goal of the Task.- One Hand Always Provides Information About the Stability of the Support.- An Instrument Is Only Necessary After A Problem Has Been Identified.- Right to the Fingertips of Both Hands.- The Patient's Hand Should Feel Light and Be Easy to Move.- The Patient, Guided by the Therapist, Performs Every Step of the Task.- Verbal Input Is Avoided During A Guided Activity.- The Therapist or Helper Must Feel Relaxed and Confident.- Feeling Through an Intermediary Tool, Object or Sub-stance.- Choosing a Suitable Task.- Mechanical Factors.- Degree of Complexity.- Judging the Suitability of a Task.- Interpretation of Behaviour Signals.- Ways in Which Guiding Can Be Implemented.- Therapeutic Guiding.- Spontaneous Guiding as a Way of Assisting.- Teaching Relatives How to Guide.- Guiding Tasks in Different Clinical Situations.- Guiding in the Intensive Care Unit.- With the Patient Still in Bed.- When the Patient Is Sitting Out of Bed for a Short Period.- Guiding to Overcome Difficulties with Sitting Posture.- The Effect of a Guided Task on the Patient's Sitting Posture.- Guiding in Conjunction with Walking.- While Regaining Independence in the Activities of Daily Living.- Guiding While the Patient Is Getting Dressed.- Increased Tactile Information to Maintain Lying Positions.- The Problem of Incontinence.- Urinary Incontinence.- Considerations for Management.- Faecal Incontinence and/or Constipation.- Considerations for Management.- Avoiding the Negatives Associated with Post-traumatic Epilepsy.- Problems Related to PTE.- The Seizures Per Se.- Anticonvulsant Drug Therapy.- The Attitude of Others Towards the Patient with PTE.- Conclusion.- 2 Early Positioning in Bed and in the Wheelchair.- Turning and Positioning in Bed.- Supine Lying.- Side Lying.- Turning the Patient onto His Side.- Positioning the Patient on His Side.- Overcoming Difficulties in Maintaining the Position.- Prone Lying.- Turning Over to Prone.- Position in Prone.- Sitting Out of Bed.- Transferring the Patient from Bed to Wheelchair.- Moving from Lying to Sitting.- Moving to the Edge of the Bed.- Recommended Transfers.- Method 1. With the Patient's Arms Resting on the Therapist's Shoulders.- Method 2. With the Patient's Arms Down in Front of Him.- Method 3. With the Patient's Trunk Flexed.- Method 4. Using A Sliding Board.- Position in the Wheelchair.- Choosing a Suitable Wheelchair.- Points to Consider.- Suggestions for Using Additional Support.- Adjusting the Patient's Position in the Wheelchair.- Lengthening the Time Spent in Sitting.- Propelling the Wheelchair Independently.- A Standard Wheelchair.- An Electric Wheelchair.- A Wheelchair with a One-Hand Drive Mechanism.- The Importance of Turning and Positioning the Patient.- Preventing Contractures and Deformity.- Avoiding the Development of Pressure Sores.- Improving the Circulation.- Maintaining Mobility of the Spine.- Improving Respiratory function.- Preventing Pain of Cervical Origin.- Reducing Hypertonicity.- Preventing Any Peripheral Nerve Damage.- Accustoming the Patient to Being Moved.- A Case in Point.- 3 Moving and Being Moved in Lying and Sitting.- Requirements for Efficient Muscle Action.- Possible Lengthening