Cloud Multi-Phase Processes and High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry: Ground-Based Cloud Experiments and Pollutant Deposition in the High Alps (Hardcover, 1997)

I Ground-Based Cloud Experiments (GCE).- 1 GCE: an Overview.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Overview of the Three GCE Joint Field Experiments.- 2 Principal Results from GCE.- 2.1 Size Distribution, Hygroscopic Properties and Chemical Composition of Aerosol Particles.- 2.2 Nucleation Scavenging.- 2.3 Other in-Cloud Particle Scavenging Processes.- 2.4 Scavenging of Gases.- 2.5 Cloud Droplet Liquid-Phase Chemistry and its Dependence on Cloud Microphysics.- 2.6 Effect of Entrainment on Cloud Chemistry and Microphysics.- 2.7 Evaporating Clouds.- 2.8 Cloud Droplet Deposition.- 2.9 Instrument Development and Testing within GCE.- 3 GCE in Retrospective.- 3.1 Meeting the Original Goals of GCE.- 3.2 The Importance of Integrated Field Work, Instrumental Development and Modelling.- 3.3 Airborne Measurements as a Complement to Ground-Based Investigations.- 3.4 Joint Evaluation and Dissemination of GCE Results.- 4 Future Directions for Cloud Research.- 4.1 Effect of Anthropogenic Activity on Aerosol Population.- 4.2 Haze.- 4.3 The Ice Phase of Clouds.- 4.4 Oxidised Nitrogen Chemistry.- 4.5 Organic Chemistry within Clouds.- 4.6 Clouds and Oxidising Capacity of the Atmosphere.- 4.7 Radiative Properties of Clouds.- 4.8 Instrumentation Needs for the Future.- 4.9 Need for Aircraft Measurements.- 5 Individual Reports from GCE Principal Investigators.- 5.1 Field and Wind Tunnel Experiments in Clouds and Fog by ECN.- 5.2 Study of Interstitial Aerosol.- 5.3 Formation and Reactivity of Aerosols.- 5.4 Field and Modelling Studies of Cloud Chemical Processes.- 5.5 The Multiphase Chemistry of Clouds and Fog.- 5.6 A Single Particle Approach to Characterising Droplet Residues and Interstitial Particles.- 5.7 Partitioning of Aerosol Particles Between Droplets and Interstitial Air.- 5.8 Influence of the Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Particles on Fog and Cloud Formation.- 5.9 The Dynamic Behaviour of Pollutants in Fog and Captive Clouds.- 5.10 The Role of Nitrophenols in Cloud Chemistry.- 5.11 A Droplet Aerosol Analysing System for Cloud Studies.- 5.12 Study of the Interaction of Photo-oxidants and Acidic Components between Gas and Liquid Phase.- 5.13 Input of Trace Substances to High Elevation Forests by Cloud Water Interception.- 6 GCE Publications 1990-1996.- II High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry.- 7 An Overview of ALPTRAC Research.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Some Observations and Trends in High Alpine Pollution.- 8 Aims and Internal Structure of ALPTRAC.- 9 Principal Scientific Results.- 9.1 Pollution Levels in High Alpine areas.- 9.2 Seasonal Changes in Pollution Levels.- 9.3 Mechanisms: Chemical Transformation and Scavenging.- 9.4 Transport Processes and Source Areas.- 9.5 Long-Term Trends.- 9.6 Instrumentation Developments.- 9.7 Conclusions.- Individual Reports from ALPTRAC Principal Investigators.- 10 High Alpine Snow Pack Chemistry.- 10.1 Accumulation of Pollutants and Nutrients in the Snow Pack at High Altitudes along a North-South Transect in the Eastern Alps.- 10.2 Stable Isotope Ratio of Sulfur, Nitrogen and Carbon as Pollution Tracers for Atmospheric Constituents.- 10.3 Accumulation of Acidic Components in Two Snowfields in the Sonnblick Region.- 11 Long-Term Pollution Trends.- 11.1 Retrospective and Present State of Anthropogenic Aerosol Deposition at a High Altitude Alpine Glacier (Colle Gnifetti, 4450 m a.s.l.).- 12 High Alpine Air, Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry.- 12.1 Segregation of Hydrometeors.- 12.2 Transport, Scavenging and Deposition Studies of Air Pollutants at High-Alpine Sites.- 12.3 Alpine Aerosol and Snow Chemistry Study at the Sonnblick Observatory (Austria, 3106 m a.s.1.).- 12.4 Aerosol and Hydrometeor Concentrations and their Chemical Composition during Winter Precipitation along a Mountain Slope (Mt. Rigi, Switzerland).- 13 Meteorological Support to ALPTRAC.- 13.1 Meteorological Support Study.- 14 ALPTRAC Publications 1988-1996.- Suject Index.