Principles of Biomechanics (Paperback)

Basic Concepts: Introduction • Scalars and vectors • Units, dimensions and conversions • Conversion of units • Statics and Joint Mechanics: Introduction • Force types • Resolution and composition of forces • Resultant of forces • Moments of force and couple • Vector method for resultant force determination • Parallel forces in space • Equilibrium of coplanar forces • Human joint forces • Mechanics of the elbow • Mechanics of the shoulder • Mechanics of the hip • Mechanics of the knee • Mechanics of the ankle joint • Exercises and examples • Dynamics : Introduction • Human body links and data • Basic principles-liners motion • Angular motion in a plane • Newton’s laws of motion • Impulse and momentum • Work and energy • Exercise and examples • Mechanics of Solids: Introduction • Stress • Axial load and normal stress • Stress-strain diagram • Torsion • Pure bending of beam • Moment of inertia of an area • Stress concentration • Geometrical properties of human bone • Exercise and examples • Tissue Mechanics: Introduction • Mechanical properties • Biological materials • Bone as composite material • Adaptation of bone stress and strain • Properties of cortical bone • Properties of cancellous bone • Teeth and its properties • Viscoelasticity • Dynamic behaviour • Viscoelastic model • Soft tissue mechanics • Soft tissue properties: contribution of collagen, elastin and mucopolysaccharide • Mechanical testing of soft tissues • Biofluid Mechanics: Introduction • Viscosity and viscometry • Capillary viscometry • Coaxial cylinder viscometry • Cone and plate viscometer • Blood • Models of the peripheral circulation • Coagulation • Blood rheology and its clinical application • Red cell size and shape • Cell membrane • Osmotic swelling • Area dilatation • Shear of membrane • Synovial fluid • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Mechanics: Introduction • The heart • Layers of the heart wall • Chambers of the heart • Heart valves • Blood supply to the myocardium • Conduction system • Heart sounds • Heart rate • Cardiac cycle • Electrical activity of heart: ECG • Cardiac output • Diseases of the cardiovascular system • Artificial heart valve • Design of valves • Biological valves • Structural deterioration of biological valves • Choice of valves • Respiratory mechanics • Lung Rc • Equations • Static lung mechanics • Mechanics of breathing • Demonstration/flow volume curves • Characteristics of respiration • Determination of lung compliance by the pressure -volume curve • Surface tension • Elastic properties of the lung • Surface tension and surfactant • Surfactant keeps lungs dry • Intrapleural pressures and compliance vertically down the lung • Distribution of ventilation in the upright lung • Intrapleural pressures and compliance vertically down the lung • Effects of forced or gentle expiration to RV • Human Locomotion: Introduction • Gait analysis • Events of gait • Variables measured during gait analysis • Motion analysis • Energy consideration • Muscle function • Force data • Prediction of segment moments of inertia • Measurement devices • Kinematics • Instrumented walkway • Other methods of analysis • Energetics • Muscle parameters • EMG data transmission • Quantification of EMG signal • Applications • Surgical decision making • Foot pressure pedobarograph