Seed-Borne Plant Virus Diseases (Paperback, Softcover Repri)

Preface.-Acronyms.-I INTRODUCTION.-1.1Introduction.-1.2 Seed transmission of viruses.-1.3 Seed transmission of Partitiviridae.-1.4 Seed transmission of viroids.-1.5 Viruses erroneously listed as seed-transmitted.-II IDENTIFICATION AND TAXONOMIC GROUPS.-2.1 Identification.- 2.2 Classification of viruses.-2.3 Variability in certain seed - transmitted viruses.-III ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SEED - TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUS DISEASES.-3.1 Introduction.-3.2 Assessment of crop losses.- 3.3 Viruses and seed viability.-3.4 Factors affecting yield losses.- IV VIRUS TRANSMISSION.-4.1 Vector transmission.-4.2 Non-vector transmission.- V MECHANISM OF SEED TRANSMISSION.- 5.1 Embryology and development of seed structure.-5.2 Distribution of virus in the seed.- 5.3 Virus longevity in seeds.-5.4 Genetics of seed transmission.-5.5 Factors influencing rate of seed transmission.-5.6 Reasons for failure of seed transmission.- VI DETECTION OF PLANT VIRUSES IN SEEDS.-6.1 Introduction.-6.2 Biological methods.- 6.3 Physical methods.- 6.4 Serological techniques.- 6.5 Biotechnology/molecular biology based virus diagnosis.- 6.6 Molecular markers.-VII ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SEED-TRANSMITTED VIRUSEs.-7.1 Introduction.-7.2 Host plant.-7.3 Vector.-7.4 Pollen transmission.-- 7.5 Viruses.-VIII METHODS OF COMBATING SEED-TRANSMITTED VIRUS DISEASES.-8.1 Introduction.-8.2 Avoidance of virus Inoculum from infected seeds.- 8.3 Reducing the rate of virus spread through vector management.- 8.4 Integrated cultural practices for seed transmitted virus disease management.-8.5 Crops hygiene.-8.6 Control of the vectors.-8.7 Virus avoidance.- .-8.8 Resistance.-8.9 Immunization.-8.10 Approved seed certification standards.- 8.11Stages of seed multiplication.-8.12 Inoculum threshhold.-8.13 International seed testing association (ISTA).- 8.14 Seed certification against plant virus diseases.-8.15 Quality control of bulk seed lots.- 8.16 World Trade Organization (WTO) regime and its implications.- 8.17 The role of plant biosecurity in preventing and controlling emerging plant virus disease epidemics.- 8.18 Pest risk analysis (PRA).-8.19 Biosafety.-8.19.1 Biosafety regulations.- 8.20 Risks associated with genetically modified crops.-8.21 Quarantines .-8.22 Role of FAO / IBPGR in germplasm exchange.-8.23 Steps in technical recommendations for "Seed germplasm" exchange in the country of origin or destination.-8.24 Part of the planting material to be tested and post-entry quarantine.-8.25 Exclusion of exotic plant viruses through quarantine.-8.26Challenges in diagnosis of pests in quarantine quarantine.-8.27 Quarantine for germplasm and breeding material.-8.28 Role of IPGRI and NBPGR in germplasm maintenance and exchange.- 8.29 Important cases of introduction.-8.30 Important diseases restricted to some countries.- 8.31Effective methods of plant importations.- 8.32General principles for the overall effectiveness of quarantines.-8.33 Quarantine facilities.-8.34 Need for networking for the developing countries.-8.35 Perspectives.-8.36 Biotechnology and virus-derived resistance.-Molecular approachestted viruses.-IX PLANT VIRUS TRANSMISSION THROUGH VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES (ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION).-9.1 Different vegetative propagative plant materials.-9.2 Role of vegetatively propagated plant materials in virus spread.-9.3 Different virus / phytoplasma and viroid diseases.-9.4 Virus transmission.-9.5 Yield losses.- 9.6 Virus diagnosis.- 9.7 Vegetatively transmitted plant virus and virus-like disease management by certification schemes.- 9.8 IPGRI'S role in controlling virus diseases in fruit germplasm.- X FUTURE STRATEGIES AND CONCLUSIONS.-10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Plant virus management by integrated approach.-10.3 Challenges for the future.