Heat Stress and Animal Productivity (Paperback, Softcover Repri)

CHAPTER 1 Thermoregulation.- 1. Introduction.-2. Thermoneutral zone.- 3. Heat stress indicators.- 4. Adaptation to high temperature.- 5. Thermoregulatory mechanisms.- 6. Response to heat stress.- 6.1Water vaporization.- 6.2 Physical responses.- 6.3 Sweating and panting.- 7.Heat production.- 8. Heat Increment.- 9. Assessment of Adaptability.- 10.Genetic adaptations/cellular changes during heat stress.- 11.Genetic improvement for adaptation.- 12. Genomic responses during acclimation.- CHAPTER 2 Heat stress and Hormones.- 1.Introduction.- 2.Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).- 3.Cortisol.- 4. Insulin.- 5. Insulin like growth hormone 1 (IGF-I).- 6.Growth hormone.- 7.Aldosterone.- 8.Adiponectin and leptin.- 9.Reproductive hormones.- 10.Catecholamines.- 11.Prolactin.- CHAPTER 3 Heat Stress and Milk Production.- 1.Introduction.- 2.Effect of climatic variables on milk yield.- 3. Behavior of cows during heat stress.-4.Effect of heat stress on bovine somatotropin (bST) administered cows.- 5.Metabolic heat production.- 6.Role of Acclimation during heat stress.- 7.Metabolic Adaptations to Heat Stress.- 8.Mechanism by which heat stress reduces milk production.- 9.Mechanism of regulation of milk secretion and mammary function.- 10. Heat Stress Effects on Heifers.-11.Genetic factors regulating response to heat stress.- 12.Reducing Heat Stress in dairy animals.- 13.Effect of heat stress on milk production in Buffaloes.- CHAPTER 4 Heat stress and Reproduction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The effect of heat stress on reproductive functions.- 3. The effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic hypophyseal ovarian axis.- 4.Female reproduction.- 4.1 Ovarian follicle.- 4.2 Steroid production.- 4.3 The oocyte.- 4.4 Embryonic development.- 4.5 Fetal development.- 4.6 Uterine environment.- 5.Male reproduction.- 6.Effect of heat stress on reproduction by altering energy balance.- 7. Genetic plasticity controlling the magnitude of heat stress effects.-8.Consequences of action of climate change on reproduction for species survival and distribution.- 9.Reproduction in buffaloes .- 10.Management and production systems that can improve fertility during summer months.- CHAPTER 5 Heat stress and immune function.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Innate and adaptive immunity.- 3 Heat stress and Cell-mediated immunity.- 4 Regulation of stress response.- 4.1 Role of glucocorticoids and catecholamines.- 4.2 Role of cytokines.- 4.3 Role of stress hormones.- 5 Acute and Chronic Stressors .- 6 Mechanism of action of heat stress on immunity .- 7 Nutrition and immunity.- 7.1 Vitamins.- 7.2 minerals.- 8 Effect of free radical production on immunity and role of antioxidants.- CHAPTER 6 Biological Rhythms.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Circadian timekeeping mechanisms.- 2.1 Biological clock.- 3. Daily rhythms.- 4. Annual rhythms.- 5. Functions of sleep.- 6. Pineal gland and melatonin.- 6.1 Synthesis and metabolism of melatonin.- 6.2 Melatonin receptors.- 6.3 Daily rhythm of melatonin .- 6.4 Annual rhythm of melatonin.- 7. Cortisol.- 7.1 Daily rhythm of cortisol.- 7.2 Annual rhythm of cortisol.- 8. Leptin.- 8.1 Daily rhythm of leptin.- 8.2 Annual rhythm of leptin.- 9. Lipid metabolism.- 9.1Lipid metabolism in ruminants.- 9.2 Daily rhythms of free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol.- 9.3 Seasonal variation of lipid metabolism.- 10. Feeding entrained circadian rhythms.- 11. Circadian clocks as mediators of the homeorhetic response to lactation.- 12. Oxidative stress.- 13.Circadian rhythm of cardiovascular parameters.- CHAPTER 7 Shelter Management for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Cows and Buffaloes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Heat transfer and concentration and emission of harmful gases in dairy buildings.- 3. Cooling methods for alleviation of heat stress.- 3.1 Provision of shade.- 3.2 Ceiling fans.- 3.3 Evaporative cooling.