2018 기계정비산업기사 필기 특강

제1편 유 ․ 공압 및 자동화 시스템

제1장 유⋅공압
1. 유⋅공압의 개요 ··················· 12
1-1 유⋅공압 장치의 구성 및 작동 유체 12
1-2 유⋅공압의 기초 ································ 14
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 15
2. 공압 기기 ······················· 18
2-1 공압 발생 장치 ·································· 18
2-2 공압 밸브 ··········································· 19
2-3 공압 액추에이터 ································ 23
2-4 공⋅유압 조합 기기 ··························· 24
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 25
3. 유압 기기 ······················· 33
3-1 유압 펌프 ··········································· 33
3-2 유압 제어 밸브 ·································· 34
3-3 유압 액추에이터 ································ 36
3-4 부속 기기 ··········································· 37
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 40
4. 유 ․공압 기호 ···················· 50
4-1 유 ․ 공압 기기 기호의 기본 사항 ······· 50
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 54
5. 유 ․공압 회로 ···················· 59
5-1 유⋅공압 회로 설계 ··························· 59
5-2 공압 회로 ··········································· 60
5-3 유압 회로 ··········································· 60
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 63

제2장 자동화 시스템
1. 자동화 시스템의 개요 ·············· 69
1-1 자동화 시스템 ···································· 69
1-2 제어와 자동 제어 ······························ 70
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 72
2. 센서 ··························· 77
2-1 센서의 개요 ······································· 77
2-2 신호 처리 ··········································· 78
2-3 물체 감지 및 검출 센서 ···················· 79
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 81
3. 액추에이터 ······················ 86
3-1 개요 ···················································· 86
3-2 선형 운동 ··········································· 86
3-3 회전 운동 ··········································· 87
3-4 핸들링 ················································ 87
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 90
4. 시스템 회로의 구성 ················ 93
4-1 동작 상태 표현법 ······························ 93
4-2 프로그램 제어 방법 ··························· 94
● 출제 예상 문제 ········································ 95
5. 자동화 시스템 보수 유지 ··········· 99
5-1 자동화 시스템 보수 유지 방법 ········· 99
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 104


제2편 설비 진단 및 설비 관리

제1장 설비 진단
1. 설비 진단의 개요 ················· 112
1-1 정의 ················································ 112
1-2 설비 진단 기술의 구성 ··················· 112
1-3 진동 상태 감시 ································ 112
1-4 설비 진단 기법 ······························ 113
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 114
2. 진동 이론 ······················· 116
2-1 기계 진동 ········································· 116
2-2 진동의 기초 ····································· 116
2-3 진동의 물리량 ·································· 117
2-4 진동 단위 ········································· 118
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 119
3. 진동 측정 ······················ 122
3-1 진동 측정의 개요 ···························· 122
3-2 진동 측정 시스템 ···························· 122
3-3 진동 측정용 센서 ···························· 124
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 127
4. 소음 이론과 측정 ················ 129
4-1 소음의 물리적 성질 ························· 129
4-2 음의 제량 및 단위 ·························· 130
4-3 음의 발생과 특성 ···························· 132
4-4 소음의 거리 감쇠 ···························· 132
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 133
5. 소음 진동 제어 ·················· 136
5-1 공장 소음과 진동의 발생음 ············ 136
5-2 공장 소음 방지 대책 ······················· 137
5-3 기계 진동 방지 대책 ······················· 140
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 142
6. 회전 기계의 진단 ················ 146
6-1 회전 기계 진단의 개요 ··················· 146
6-2 회전 기계의 간이 진단 ··················· 146
6-3 회전 기계의 정밀 진단 ··················· 146
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 148
7. 윤활 관리 진단 ·················· 152
7-1 윤활의 개요 ····································· 152
7-2 윤활제의 종류와 특성 ····················· 153
7-3 윤활제의 급유법 ······························ 158
7-4 윤활유의 열화와 관리 기준 ············ 160
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 163

제2장 설비 관리
1. 설비 관리 개론 ·················· 168
1-1 설비 관리의 의의와 발전 과정 ····· 168
1-2 설비 관리의 목적과 필요성 ············ 169
1-3 설비 관리 기능 ································ 169
1-4 설비의 분류 및 범위 ······················· 170
1-5 설비 관리 조직의 개념 ··················· 170
1-6 설비 관리의 조직 계획 ··················· 170
1-7 설비 관리의 요원 대책 ··················· 172
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 173
2. 설비 계획과 설비 배치 ············ 179
2-1 설비 계획 ········································· 179
2-2 설비 배치 ········································· 179
2-3 설비의 신뢰성 및 보전성 관리 ······· 180
2-4 설비의 경제성 평가 ························· 182
2-5 보전 계획 수립 방법 ······················· 183
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 184
3. 설비 보전의 계획과 관리 ··········· 192
3-1 설비 보전과 관리 시스템 ················ 192
3-2 설비 보전 조직과 표준 ··················· 192
3-3 설비 보전의 본질과 추진 방법 ······· 193
3-4 설비의 예방 보전 ···························· 196
3-5 공사 관리 ········································· 198
3-6 보전용 자재 관리와 보전비 관리 ···· 200
3-7 보전 작업 관리와 보전 효과 측정 ·· 200
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 202
4. 종합적 생산 보전 ················· 211
4-1 종합적 생산 보전의 개요 ················ 211
4-2 설비 효율 개선 방법 ······················· 211
4-3 만성 로스 개선 방법 ······················· 213
4-4 자주 보전 활동 ································ 214
4-5 계획 보전 활동 ································ 214
4-6 품질 개선 활동 ································ 216
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 217


제3편 공업 계측 제어, 전기 제어, 전자 제어

제1장 공업 계측 제어
1. 공업 계측의 개요 ················· 222
1-1 계측의 개요 ····································· 222
1-2 측정과 단위 ····································· 223
1-3 측정의 정밀도 ·································· 224
1-4 단위와 단위계 ·································· 224
1-5 계측계 ·············································· 225
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 227
2. 센서와 신호 변환 ················ 230
2-1 센서의 정의 ····································· 230
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································· 234
3. 공업량의 계측 ··················· 236
3-1 온도 계측 ········································· 236
3-2 압력 계측 ········································· 237
3-3 유량 계측 ········································· 240
3-4 액면 계측 ········································· 242
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 244
4. 변환기 ························· 248
4-1 계측 신호 변환기 ···························· 248
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 253
5. 조작부 ························· 255
5-1 제어 밸브 ········································· 255
5-2 제어 밸브의 구동부 ························· 257
5-3 포지셔너 ··········································· 260
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 261
6. 프로세스 제어 ··················· 263
6-1 피드백 제어의 기초 ························· 263
6-2 프로세스 특성 ·································· 264
6-3 조절계의 제어 동작 ························· 266
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 269

제2장 전기 제어
1. 전기 기초 ······················ 272
1-1 전류 ·················································· 272
1-2 전압 ·················································· 272
1-3 저항 ·················································· 274
1-4 직류와 교류 회로 ···························· 278
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 279
2. 교류 회로 ······················ 282
2-1 정현파 교류 ····································· 282
2-2 다상 교류 ········································· 288
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 291
3. 시퀀스 제어 ···················· 293
3-1 시퀀스 제어 기초 및 기기 ·············· 293
3-2 시퀀스 제어 회로 ···························· 299
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 304

제3장 전자 제어
1. 전자 이론 ······················· 311
1-1 반도체 소자 ····································· 311
1-2 다이오드 ··········································· 312
1-3 트랜지스터 ······································· 316
1-4 연산 증폭기 ····································· 318
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 321
2. 논리 회로 ······················ 327
2-1 논리 회로 ········································· 327
2-2 논리의 표현 ····································· 331
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 332


제4편 기계 정비 일반

제1장 기계 정비용 공기구 및 정비 점검
1. 정비용 공기구 및 재료 ············ 338
1-1 정비용 측정 기구 ···························· 338
1-2 정비용 공기구 ·································· 339
1-3 보전용 재료 ····································· 341
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 345

제2장 기계 요소 보전
2-1 체결용 기계 요소 보전 ··················· 352
2-2 축계 기계 요소 보전 ······················· 355
2-3 전동 장치 보전 ································ 362
2-4 관계 요소 보전 ································ 366
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 371

제3장 기계 장치 점검, 정비
1. 기계 장치 점검과 정비 ············ 386
1-1 통풍기 ·············································· 386
1-2 송풍기 ·············································· 387
1-3 압축기 ·············································· 390
1-4 감속기 및 변속기 ···························· 395
1-5 전동기의 정비 ·································· 397
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 398

제4장 펌프 장치
4-1 펌프의 종류와 특성 ························· 405
4-2 펌프의 구조 ····································· 406
4-3 캐비테이션 ······································· 410
4-4 서 징 ················································ 411
4-5 수격 현상(수주 분리) ······················ 411
4-6 펌프의 운전 ····································· 412
4-7 펌프의 방식법 ·································· 416
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 417

제5장 기계의 분해 조립
5-1 분해 조립 시 주의 ·························· 423
5-2 가열 끼움 ········································· 425
● 출제 예상 문제 ······································ 429


부록 - 과년도 출제 문제

● 2013년도 출제 문제 ············································································· 432
● 2014년도 출제 문제 ············································································· 464
● 2015년도 출제 문제 ············································································· 499
● 2016년도 출제 문제 ············································································· 533
● 2017년도 출제 문제 ············································································· 568
● 2018년도 출제 문제 ············································································· 604