실험동물의학

1. 실험실 동물 의학 : 역사적 관점
Laboratory Animal Medicine : Historical Perspectives ····1
Ⅰ. 소개 ·····················································································1
Ⅱ. 동물실험의 기원 ······························································2
Ⅲ. 실험동물과학 및 의학에서의 초기 수의학자들 ···· 5
Ⅳ. 실험동물과학의 조직 ···················································10
V. 실험동물의학에서의 교육과 훈련 ···························17
Ⅵ. ACLAM-sponsered text ·········································17
Ⅶ. 실험동물의학에 관한 법, 규제 그리고
가이드라인의 영향 ·······················································18
Ⅷ. 영국과 캐나다에서의 동물연구 규정 ·····················19
Ⅸ. 설치류의 상업적 학술적 사육 ·································19
X. 결론 ··················································································19
Acknowledgment ·································································19
참고문헌 ·····················································································19

2. 실험동물 사용에 관련된 법, 규제 및 정책
Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of
Laboratory Animals ································································23
Ⅰ. 서론 ··················································································23
Ⅱ. 동물복지 ··········································································24
Ⅲ. 동물과 동물관련 상품의 반입과 반출 ··················36
IV. 유해 물질 ········································································40
V. 핵산과 나노물질연구 지침 ········································40
참고문헌 ·····················································································41

3. 마우스의 생물학적 특징 및 질병
Biology and Diseases of Mice ·············································43
Ⅰ. 서론 ··················································································43
Ⅱ. 생물학적 특징 ·······························································58
Ⅲ. 질병 ··················································································73
참고문헌 ··················································································138

4. 랫드의 생물학적 특징과 질병
Biology and Diseases of Rats ···········································151
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································151
Ⅱ. 생물학적 특징 ·····························································153
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································166
Acknowledgment ······························································195
참고문헌 ··················································································196

5. 햄스터의 생물학적 특징과 질병
Biology and Diseases of Hamsters ··································207
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································207
Ⅱ. 시리안 햄스터 ·····························································208
Ⅲ. 중국 햄스터 (CHINESE HAMSTER) ························229
Ⅳ. 아르메니아 햄스터 (ARMENIAN HAMSTER) ········233
Ⅴ. 유럽 햄스터 (EUROPEAN HAMSTER) ···················233
Ⅵ. 정글리안 햄스터 (DJUNGARIAN HAMSTER) ·······235
참고문헌 ··················································································237

6. 기니픽의 생물학적 특징 및 질병
Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs ····························247
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································247
Ⅱ. 생물학적 특징 ·····························································249
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································256
참고문헌 ··················································································278

7. 기타 설치류의 생물학적 특징과 질병
Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents ························285
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································286
Ⅱ. 땅다람쥐 : UROCITELLUS, ICTODOMYS 또는
SPERMOPHILUS ······················································290
Ⅲ. Prairie dogs : Cynomys ····································293
Ⅳ. Pocket Gophers: Geomyidae ·························297
Ⅴ. 캥거루쥐 : Diphodomys ······································299
Ⅵ. Pack rat : neotoma ·············································301
Ⅶ. 메뚜기쥐 : onychomys ·········································303
Ⅷ. Deer mice : 생쥐속 ············································306
Ⅸ. Rice rats : Oryzomys ··········································308
X. Cane mice : Zygodontomys ···························309 ?. Cotton rat : Sigmodon ······································311 ?. White-tailed Rasts : Mystromys ···················313
XIII. Gerbils과 Jird : Meriones ·······························315
XIV. 들쥐 : 밭쥐속 ·····························································320
XV. MULTIMAMMATE RATS/MICE : MASTOMYS ····324
XVI. DEGUS : OCTODON ···········································326
XVII. NAKED MOLE RATS; HETEROCEPHALUS
GLABER ·······································································328
참고문헌 ··················································································330

8. 실험실 우드척
The Laboratory Woodchuck (Marmota monax) ···········349
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································350
Ⅱ. 생물학 ···········································································354
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································362
Ⅳ. HBV 연구목적의 실험동물모델로서의 우드척 ···370
참고문헌 ··················································································378

9. 친칠라
Biology and Diseases of Chinchillas ······························385
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································385
Ⅱ. 생리 ················································································387
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································390
참고문헌 ··················································································403

10. 토끼의 생물학적 특징 및 질병
Biology and Diseases of Rabbits ·····································407
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································407
Ⅱ. 생물학 ···········································································411
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································418
참고문헌 ··················································································448

11. 실험실 설치류 및 토끼목의 미생물학적
품질관리
Microbiological Quality Control for Laboratory Rodents
and Lagomorphs ··································································459
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································459
Ⅱ. 미생물학적 품질 사양 ··············································461
Ⅲ. 생물 보안 ·····································································463
Ⅳ. 건강 모니터링 ·····························································474
Ⅴ. 전염병 발생 관리 및 조사 ···································493
참고문헌 ··················································································496

12. 개의 생물학적 특징 및 질병
Biology and Diseases of Dogs ··········································507
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································507
Ⅱ. 생물학적 특징 ·····························································509
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································516
참고문헌 ··················································································542

13. 고양이의 생태와 질환
Biology and Diseases of Cats ···········································549
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································549
Ⅱ. 고양이 공급원 ·····························································552
Ⅲ. 사육시설 ·······································································554
Ⅳ. 번식군 유지 ·································································558
Ⅴ. 영양과 섭식 ·································································560
VI. 감염성 질환 배제와 제어 ·······································561
참고문헌 ··················································································564

14. 페렛
Biology and Diseases of Ferrets ······································569
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································569
Ⅱ. 생태 ················································································571
Ⅲ. 질환 ················································································578
Acknowledgment ······························································602
참고문헌 ··················································································602

15. 돼지의 생물학적 특징과 질병
Biology and Diseases of Swine ········································611
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································611
Ⅱ. 생물학 ···········································································615
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································624
Acronyms used in chapter ·········································670
Acknowledgments ····························································671
참고문헌 ··················································································671

16. 비인간 영장류
Nonhuman Primates ····························································685
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································686
Ⅱ. 분류학 ···········································································687
Ⅲ. 생리학적 특징 ·····························································691
Ⅳ. 집단관리의 원칙 ························································738
Ⅴ. 의학적 관리 ·································································745
Ⅵ. 질병 ················································································758
Acknowledgments ····························································812
참고문헌 ··················································································812

17. 양서류의 생물학적 특징과 질병
Biology and Diseases of Amphibians ·····························841
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································841

Ⅱ. 생물학적 특징 ·····························································848
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································860
참고문헌 ··················································································868

18. 파충류의 생리와 질병
Biology and Diseases of Reptiles ····································875
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································875
Ⅱ. 생물학 ···········································································882
Ⅲ. 질병 ················································································892
참고문헌 ··················································································911

19. 제브라피쉬의 생물학 및 관리
The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish ·········919
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································920
Ⅱ. 제브라피쉬 : 생의학적 연구의 실험 모델 ··········921
Ⅲ. 수생동물 시설에서의 건강관리 ·····························926
Ⅳ. 제브라피쉬의 건강에 중요한 영향을 미치는 환경
요소들 ···········································································927
Ⅴ. 실험시설의 일반적인 성질 ·····································930
Ⅵ. 제브라피쉬의 먹이 공급과 영양 ···························934
Ⅶ. 감염원 방지 프로그램 ··············································935
Ⅷ. 기술과 마취 ·································································937
Ⅸ. 실험용 제브라피쉬의 주요 질환 ···························941
Acknowledgment ······························································961
참고문헌 ··················································································961

20. 실험용 어류의 생물학적 특징과 건강관리
Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes ··········969
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································969
Ⅱ. 시설 설계 ···································································970
Ⅲ. 관리와 사육 ·································································977
Ⅳ. 의료적 프로토콜 ························································978
Ⅴ. 인수공통 감염의 고려 ··············································982
Ⅵ. 질병 ················································································983
참고문헌 ··················································································991

21. 실험동물 일본 메추리
Japanese Quail as a Laboratory Animal Model ···········993
Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································993
Ⅱ. 생물학 ···········································································995
Ⅲ. 실험실 관리와 번식 ··················································999
Ⅳ. 메추라기의 번식과 사육 ·······································1003
Ⅴ. 질병 및 복지 ····························································1006
참고문헌 ···············································································1009

22. 바이오의학 연구에서 금화조
Zebra Finches in Biomedical Research ······················1015
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1015
Ⅱ. 역사와 분류학 ··························································1016
Ⅲ. 연구 활용 ··································································1016
Ⅳ. 생리 ·············································································1017
V. 실험실적 관리와 사육 ···········································1020
Ⅵ. 질병/복지 관리 ························································1026
참고문헌 ···············································································1035

23. 전마취, 마취, 진통 및 안락사
Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia ······1041
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1042
Ⅱ. 생물학 ·········································································1042
Ⅲ. 토끼 ·············································································1055
Ⅳ. 페럿 ·············································································1063
V. 돼지 ·············································································1068
Ⅵ. 소형 반추동물 ··························································1074
Ⅶ. 비인간 영장류 ··························································1086
참고문헌 ···············································································1093

24. 동물실험의 기술
Techniques of Experimentation ····································1107
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1108
Ⅱ. 식별 방법 ··································································1108
Ⅲ. 채혈 및 정맥 주사 (BLOOD COLLECTION AND
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION) ···································1110
Ⅳ. 혈관 삽관 (VASCULAR CANNULATION) ············1116
Ⅴ. 복강 내 주사
(INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION) ·························1119
Ⅵ. 피하, 근육 내, 골막 주사
(SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR, AND
INTRAOSSEOUS INJECTION) ·································1120
Ⅶ. 소화기계통 (DIGESTIVE SYSTEM) ························1120
Ⅷ. 비뇨기 계통 기법
(URINARY SYSTEM TECHNIQUES) ······················1126
Ⅸ. 호흡기 계통 기법
(RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TECHNIQUE) ················1127
Ⅹ. 생식계 (REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM) ······················1131
XI. 심혈관 기법
(CARDIOVASCULAR TECHNIQUE) ························1135 ?. 내분비 계통 기법
(ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TECHNIQUE)) ··················1137
ⅩⅢ. 실험동물의 정형외과 수술
(ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES FOR LABORATORY
ANIMALS) ····································································1140
XIV. 신경외과적 기법
(NEUROSURGICAL TECHNIQUES) ························1140
XV. 종양 이식 (TUMOR TRANSPLANTATION) ·········1146
XVI. 영상 기술 (IMAGING TECHNIQUES) ··················1148
XVII. 원격측정장치 (RADIOTELEMETRY) ·····················1149
ⅩⅧ. 흉선절제술 (THYMECTOMY) ································1150
Acknowledgments ··························································1150
참고문헌 ···············································································1150

25. 노토바이오틱
Gnotobiotics ·······································································1167
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1167
Ⅱ. 용어 ·············································································1168
Ⅲ. 역사 ·············································································1169
Ⅳ. Gnotobiotes의 특징 ············································1169
Ⅴ. Gnotobiotic 시설의 설립 ··································1170
Ⅵ. 작동 (OPERATION) ··················································1180
Ⅶ. 무균마우스 추출
(DERIVATION OF GERMFREE MICE) ···················1191
Ⅷ. 관련자료 ·····································································1195
참고문헌 ···············································································1196

26. 생물학적 위험에 노출된 실험동물의 안전환경
Working Safely with Experimental Animals Exposed to
Biohazards ···········································································1203
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1203
Ⅱ. 위험평가 ··································································1204
Ⅲ. 실험동물의 생물학적 봉쇄 프로그램의 관리 ··· 1205
Ⅳ. 표준 지침 ··································································1210
Ⅴ. 수의학적 처치 ··························································1211
Ⅵ. 기타 고려할 사항 ····················································1212
Ⅶ. 요약 ·············································································1216
참고문헌 ···············································································1216

27. 인수공통전염병
Selected Zoonoses ····························································1219
Ⅰ. 개요 ·············································································1219
Ⅱ. 바이러스성 질병 ······················································1220
Ⅲ. 리케차성 질병 ··························································1237
Ⅳ 클라미디아 감염 ······················································1240
Ⅴ. 세균성 질병 ······························································1240
Ⅵ. 곰팡이성 질병 ··························································1253
Ⅶ. 원생동물 질병 ··························································1254
Ⅷ. 연충 감염 ··································································1259
Ⅸ. 절지동물의 만연 ······················································1259
Acknowledgments ··························································1263
참고문헌 ···············································································1263

28. 이종간 인수공통질병 : 이종간 장기이식의 감염
위험
Xenozoonoses : The Risk of Infection after
Xenotransplantation ·························································1273
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1273
Ⅱ. 동종간 장기이식/역사적 고찰 ····························1274
Ⅲ. 종 교차 감염의 기전 ·············································1275
Ⅳ. 비바이러스성 요인 ··················································1277
Ⅴ. SPF 동물군 개발 ··················································1278
Ⅵ. 이종간 장기이식 및 기타 감염성 질병의
잠재적 이익 ······························································1279
Ⅶ. 이종간 장기이식 이후의 논점 ····························1279
참고문헌 ···············································································1280

29. 실험동물 종사자의 직업성 건강
Occupational Health of Laboratory Animal Workers
······························································································1283
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1284
Ⅱ. 실험동물 종사자의 직업성 질환과 상해 ·········1284
Ⅲ. 직업성 건강관리 접근법
(OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH APPROACH) ·············1286
Ⅳ. 위험요소 확인 (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION) ····1288
V. 위험 관리 (HAZARD CONTROLS) ·······················1291
VI. 직업과 관련된 의료 서비스
(OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE SERVICES) ············1294
참고문헌 ···············································································1304

30. 실험실 마우스와 랫드의 유전 모니터링
Genetic Monitoring of Laboratory Mice and Rats ···1305
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1305
Ⅱ. 유전 모니터링의 역사 ···········································1306
Ⅲ. 설치류 계통 (RODENT STRAINS):
유전 동질성 또는 유전적 다양성 ······················1309
Ⅳ. SNP 분석 : 계통 배경 검사 ·······························1310
Ⅴ. 대립유전자 특이적 유전형 분석 :
돌연변이 계통 검사 ···············································1310
Ⅵ. 계통 유지 ··································································1311
Ⅶ. 표현형 품질 조절 ····················································1314
Ⅷ. GQC의 미래 ····························································1314
Ⅸ. GQC : 실무적 측면 (GQC : Practical Aspects) ··· 1315
Ⅹ. 결론 ···········································································1316
참고문헌 ···············································································1316

31. 유전자변형동물
Genetically Modified Animals ········································1319
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1319
Ⅱ. 유전자 변형을 위한 동물 조작 ··························1320
Ⅲ. 유전자 변형과 기술 ···············································1324
Ⅳ. 유전자 변형 마우스와 랫드의 집단 보존/유지
·····················································································1330
Ⅴ. 유전자 변형 마우스와 랫드 자원 찾기 ···········1338
참고문헌 ···············································································1339

32. 동물 연구에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인들
Factors That Can Influence Animal Research ··········1343
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1343
Ⅱ. 내재성 고려사항 ······················································1344
Ⅲ. 외인성 고려사항 ······················································1346
참고문헌 ···············································································1372

33. 생명의학연구에 사용되는 동물모델
Animal Models in Biomedical Research ·····················1397
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1397
Ⅱ. 동물모델이란? ··························································1397
Ⅲ. 연구의 본질 ······························································1402
Ⅳ. 생명의학연구에 사용된 동물의 역사 ················1405
참고문헌 ···············································································1424

34. 실험동물의학과 비교 의학에서의 연구
Research in Laboratory Animal and Comparative
Medicine ··············································································1433
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1433
Ⅱ. 실험의 원리 ······························································1434
Ⅲ. 연구에서 실험동물전문가의 역할 ······················1436
Ⅳ. 연구 연수 ··································································1438
V. 요약 ·············································································1438
참고문헌 ···············································································1438

35. 연구시설의 설계와 관리
Design and Management of Research Facilities ······1441
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1441
Ⅱ. 시설 계획 및 설계 ·················································1442
Ⅲ. 환경 제어 및 감시 ·················································1462
Ⅳ. 주거 및 장비 ····························································1468
Ⅴ. 물품 ·············································································1477
Ⅵ. 운영상의 문제 ··························································1485
Ⅶ. 결론 ·············································································1490
참고문헌 ···············································································1490

36. 프로그램 경영
Program Management ······················································1499
Ⅰ. 서론 및 정의 ····························································1499
Ⅱ. 임무와 전략 : 이 모든 것이 시작하는 곳 ·······1500
Ⅲ. 인력 관리 ··································································1501
Ⅳ. 금전 관리 ··································································1506
Ⅴ. 경영 관리 ··································································1508
Ⅵ. 결론 ·············································································1513
부록 1. 14개 Toyota Way 원리의 종합 요약 ·····1513
참고문헌 ···············································································1515

37. 실험동물 행동
Laboratory Animal Behavior ··········································1517
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1518
Ⅱ. 설치류 ·········································································1519
Ⅲ. 토끼 ·············································································1527
Ⅳ. 실험용 개와 고양이 ···············································1528
Ⅴ. 비인간 영장류 ··························································1531
Ⅵ. 산업용 동물 (FARM ANIMALS) ·····························1537
Ⅶ. 결론 ·············································································1542
참고문헌 ···············································································1542

38. 동물복지
Animal Welfare ··································································1553
Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································1553
Ⅱ. 동물을 이용한 연구, 교육 및 시험에서 주요
구성원으로서 동물복지 ·········································1554
Ⅲ. 동물복지-역사적 및 철학적 관점 ······················1555 Ⅳ. 지침과 원칙 (Guidelines and principles) ········1556
Ⅴ. 동물복지 적정화 전략 ···········································1561
Ⅵ. 동물 복지 적정화를 위한 도전적인 연구와
기회의 사례 ······························································1565
Ⅶ. 동물 복지 과학 (Science of Animal Welfare) ··1567
Ⅷ. 결론과 요약 ······························································1570
참고문헌 ···············································································1570
색인 ······························································································1575