Deterministic Methods in Systems Hydrology: Ihe Delft Lecture Note Series (Paperback)

PREFACE 1 THE SYSTEMS VIEWPOINT 1.1 Nature of systems approach 1.2 Systems terminology 1.3 Linear time-invariant systems 1.4 Discrete forms of convolution equation 1.5 Suggestions for further reading 2 NATURE OF HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2.1 The hydrological cycle as a system 2.2 Unit hydrograph methods 2.3 Identification of hydrological systems 2.4 Simulation of hydrological systems 3 SOME SYSTEMS MATHEMATICS 3.1 Matrix methods 3.2 Optimisation 3.3 Orthogonal functions 3.4 Application to systems analysis 3.5 Fourier and Laplace transforms 3.6 Differential equations 3.7 References on systems mathematics 4 BLACK-BOX ANALYSIS OF DIRECT STORM RUNOFF 4.1 The problem of system identification 4.2 Outline of numerical experimentation 4.3 Direct algebraic methods of identification 4.4 Optimisation methods of unit hydrograph derivation 4.5 Unit hydrograph derivation through z-transforms 4.6 Unit hydrograph derivation by harmonic analysis 4.7 Unit hydrograph derivation by Meixner analysis 4.8 Overall comparison of identification methods 5 LINEAR CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF DIRECT RUNOFF 5.1 Synthetic unit hydrographs 5.2 Comparison of conceptual models 5.3 Cascades of linear reservoirs 5.4 Limiting forms of cascade models 6 FITTING THE MODEL TO THE DATA 6.1 Use of moment matching 6.2 Effect of data errors on conceptual models 6.3 Fitting one-parameter models 6.4 Fitting two- and three-parameter models 6.5 Regional analysis of data 7 SIMPLE MODELS OF SUBSURFACE FLOW 7.1 Flow through porous media 7.2 Steady percolation and steady capillary rise 7.3 Formulae for ponded infiltration 7.4 Simple conceptual models of infiltration 7.5 Effect of the water table 7.6 Groundwater storage and outflow 8 NON-LINEAR DETERMINISTIC MODELS 8.1 Non-linearity in hydrology 8.2 The problem of overland flow 8.3 Linearisation of non-linear systems 8.4 Non-linear black-box analysis 8.5 Concept of uniform non-linearity PROBLEM SET Runoff prediction System identification Unit hydrograph derivation Conceptual models Comparing models ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ENCOMIUM REFERENCES Appendix A ? PICOMO: A Program for the Identification of Conceptual Models Appendix B ? Inverse Problems are III-Posed Appendix C ?The Non-Linearity of the Unsaturated Zone Appendix D ? Unsteady Flow in Open Channels INDEX