기업과 사회

제1부 기업과 사회의 이해
제1장 기업의 개념
제1절 기업의 본질 / 22
1. 기업의 의의와 특성 / 22
1) 기업의 정의 ·················································································22
2) 기업의 특성 ·················································································22
2. 기업의 기능과 역할 / 24
1) 기업의 기능 ·················································································24
2) 기업의 역할 ·················································································26
제2절 기업과 경제활동 / 29
1. 경제활동의 주체 / 29
1) 경제활동의 이해 ··········································································29
2) 경제활동의 주체와 경제순환 ·······················································30
3) 재화의 생산요소 ··········································································32
2. 기업과 경제 / 33
1) 경제체제 ······················································································33
2) 거시경제와 미시경제 ···································································35
3) 시장의 유형 ·················································································36
제3절 기업경영의 본질 / 37
1. 기업경영의 본질 / 37
1) 이윤 창출 ·····················································································38
2) 고객만족경영 ···············································································38
3) 자원의 최적화 ··············································································39
4) 기업환경과의 상호작용 ·······························································41
5) 기업의 목표와 사회의 목표를 달성 ··············································41
2. 기업과 조직 / 42
1) 조직의 개념 ··············································································42
2) 기업 시스템의 진화 ··································································43
3. 기업의 생존 부등식 / 46
1) 기업의 생존 의미 ·····································································46
2) 기업의 생존 부등식 ··································································46
3) 가치?가격?비용의 관계 ························································48

제2장 기업의 목적
제1절 기업 목적의 이해 / 50
1. 기업 목적의 개념 / 50
1) 기업 목적의 의의 ·····································································50
2) 기업 목적의 기능 ·····································································51
2. 기업 목적의 변화 / 54
제2절 기업의 목적론 / 55
1. 기업의 단일목적론 / 55
1) 이익 목적론 ··············································································56
2) 존속 목적론 ··············································································57
3) 봉사 목적론 ··············································································58
2. 기업의 다원 목적론 / 58
1) 성장목적론 ···············································································59
2) 균형 목적론 ··············································································59
3) 영리 경영목적론 ······································································59
제3장 사회의 개념
제1절 사회의 의의 / 62
1. 사회의 정의 / 62
1) 개체적 개념 ·················································································63
2) 전체적 개념 ·················································································64
2. 사회의 유형과 특징 / 64
1) 고대 사회의 특징 ·········································································64
2) 근세 이후의 사회와 특징 ·····························································65
3) 현대 사회의 특징 ·········································································67
제2절 사회의 변화와 생존 수단 / 68
1. 사회의 변화 / 68
1) 경제발전의 변화 ··········································································69
2) 사회?문화적 변화 ······································································70
3) 정치체제의 변화 ··········································································71
4) 과학기술의 변화 ··········································································72
5) 자연?환경의 변화 ······································································72
2. 사회변화에 따른 생존 수단 / 73
제3절 사회이데올로기와 세계화 / 76
1. 사회 이데올로기의 개념 / 76
2. 사회 이데올로기의 체제 / 77
1) 자본주의 체제 ··············································································77
2) 다원주의 체제 ··············································································82
3. 세계화 / 84
1) 세계화의 배경과 개념 ··································································84
2) 세계화의 영향 ··············································································87
제4장 기업과 사회의 상호작용
제1절 기업과 사회의 학문적 배경과 연구목적 / 90
1. 학문적 연구 배경 / 90
2. 기업과 사회의 연구 목적 / 91
1) 기업과 사회 목적의 균형 ·························································92
2) 기업의 역할을 사회가 수용 ······················································92
3) 사회의 역할을 기업이 수용 ······················································93
4) 경영자의 능력 향상 ··································································93
5) 사회환경변화에 대응하는 능력 향상 ········································93
6) ESG 경영의 실천으로 사회발전에 공헌 ···································94
제2절 기업과 사회의 상호작용 이해 / 95
1. 상호관계와 상호작용 / 97
2. 기업과 사회의 작용 관점 / 98
1) 시스템적 관계 ··········································································99
2) 동등한 상호관계 ······································································99
제3절 기업에 대한 사회적 기대와 이슈 / 100
1. 기업에 대한 사회적 기대 / 100
1) 사회적 기대의 의의 ································································100
2) 사회적 기대에 대한 관점과 유형 ···········································101
2. 기업의 사회적 이슈 / 105
1) 사회적 이슈의 개념 ································································105
2) 이슈 발생의 원인 ···································································106
3) 사회적 이슈의 라이프 사이클 ················································106
3. 사회적 기대와 이슈에 대한 해결방안 / 108
1) 기업과 사회의 합리성 이해 ····················································109
2) 기업과 사회의 협력 ································································110
제4절 기업의 사회적 권력과 정당성 / 111
1. 기업 권력의 이해 / 111
1) 기업 권력의 개념 ···································································111
2) 기업 권력의 구분 ···································································112
2. 기업의 사회적 정당성 / 117
1) 사회적 정당성의 의의 ····························································117
2) 기업의 정당성 확보 ································································118

제2부 기업의 설립과 성장
제5장 기업가정신과 경영
제1절 기업가정신과 창업 / 124
1. 기업가와 기업가정신 / 124
1) 기업가의 개념 ···········································································124
2) 기업가정신 ················································································124
2. 기업의 창업 / 125
1) 창업의 개념 ···············································································125
2) 창업의 3요소 ·············································································126
3) 기업의 창업 과정 ·······································································127
제2절 기업의 형태 / 134
1. 기업의 분류 / 135
2. 사기업 / 136
1) 개인기업 ····················································································136
2) 공동기업 ····················································································137
3. 공기업과 공사공동기업 / 139
1) 공기업 ·······················································································139
2) 공사공동기업 ·············································································140
제3절 경영과 경영자 / 140
1. 경영의 개념 / 141
1) 경영의 정의 ···············································································141
2) 경영의 기능 ···············································································141
2. 경영이념과 경영목표 / 143
1) 경영이념 ····················································································143
2) 경영 목표 ···················································································144
3. 경영의 원칙 / 144
1) 경영의 3대 원칙 ····································································144
2) 효율성과 효과성 ····································································146
4. 경영 마인드 / 147
1) 경영 마인드의 의미 ································································147
2) 경영 마인드의 내용 ································································147
제4절 경영자의 유형?역할?책임 / 151
1. 경영자의 의의와 유형 / 151
1) 경영자의 의의 ········································································151
2) 경영자의 유형 ········································································152
2. 경영자의 역할과 자질 / 155
1) 경영자의 역할 ········································································155
2) 경영자의 자질 ········································································157
3. 경영자의 책임 / 158
1) 내부 책임 ···············································································159
2) 외부 책임 ···············································································159
제6장 기업의 성장과 집중
제1절 기업의 성장 / 162
1. 기업성장의 의의 / 162
2. 기업성장의 유형 / 162
1) 기업의 다각화 ········································································162
2) 기업의 계열화 ········································································164
3) 기업의 M&A(인수?합병) ·····················································166
제2절 기업의 집중 / 172
1. 기업집중의 개념 / 172
1) 기업집중의 의의 ····································································172
2) 기업집중의 목적 ········································································172
2. 기업집중의 형태 / 173
1) 카르텔 ·······················································································173
2) 트러스트 ····················································································174
3) 콘체른 ·······················································································176
3. 기업집중의 규제 / 179
제3부 기업환경과 이해자집단 ｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜｜
제7장 기업의 경영환경
제1절 기업환경의 개념 / 184
1. 기업환경의 이해 / 184
1) 기업환경의 의미 ········································································184
2) 기업환경의 중요성과 주체 ························································185
제2절 기업환경의 영역 / 186
1. 기업의 외부환경 / 187
1) 외부환경의 의미 ········································································187
2) 기업의 외부환경 요인 ································································187
2. 기업의 내부환경 / 191
1) 내부환경의 의미 ········································································191
2) 기업의 내부환경 요인 ································································192
제3절 4차산업혁명과 기업환경 / 195
1. 인공지능 / 196
2. 사물인터넷 / 200
3. 3D 프린팅 / 202
4. 빅데이터 / 203
5. 로봇 / 205
6. 가상현실 / 206
제8장 기업과 이해관계자 집단
제1절 이해관계자의 이해 / 210
1. 이해관계자의 개념 / 210
2. 이해관계자의 역할과 중요성 / 210
1) 자금제공의 이해관계자 ··························································211
2) 노동력 제공의 이해관계자 ·····················································212
3) 소비활동의 이해관계자 ··························································212
4) 원자재제공의 이해관계자 ······················································213
5) 정책제공의 이해관계자 ··························································213
6) 경쟁자와 언론매체의 이해관계자 ··········································214
3. 이해관계자의 기능 / 215
1) 공공성 ····················································································215
2) 혁신성 ····················································································217
3) 성장성 ····················································································218
제2절 이해관계자의 구분 / 219
1. 이해관계의 성격에 의한 구분 / 219
2. 이해관계의 영향력에 의한 구분 / 220
3. 경영자와의 이해관계 / 221
1) 경영자와 기업의 관계 ····························································221
2) 경영자와 이해관계자의 관계 ·················································222
3) 기업과 이해관계자의 관계 ·····················································222

제9장 기업과 소비자의 관계
제1절 기업과 소비자의 관계 정립 / 224
1. 기업과 소비자 관계의 개념 / 224
2. 기업과 소비자 관계의 변화 / 225
1) 생산자 중시 시대 ·······································································226
2) 소비자 중시 시대 ·······································································226
3) 판매자 중시 시대 ·······································································227
3. 기업의 소비자 지향점 / 228
1) 명확한 생산 목표 ·······································································228
2) 효용가치의 극대화 ····································································228
3) 신속한 서비스 ···········································································229
4) 정확한 제품정보의 제공 ····························································229
제2절 기업과 소비자 관계의 이슈 / 230
1. 정보와 관련된 이슈 / 230
1) 정보의 구분 ···············································································231
2) 과장된 정보의 이슈 ···································································233
2. 제품과 관련된 이슈 / 234
1) 제품 성능의 이슈 ·······································································235
2) 제품 안전의 이슈 ·······································································235
3) 제품 진부화의 이슈 ···································································238
3. 가격과 관련된 이슈 / 238
4. 판매 활동과 관련된 이슈 / 241
1) 개인을 대상으로 한 강매 행위 ···················································241
2) 업체를 대상으로 한 강매 행위 ···················································242
5. 서비스와 관련된 이슈 / 242

제4부 ESG경영
제10장 기업의 친환경 경영
제1절 환경의 인식변화 / 248
1. 국제 환경규제의 강화추세 / 248
2. 국내기업의 환경 인식변화 / 250
제2절 환경 피해의 유형과 관리방안 / 251
1. 환경 피해의 유형 / 251
1) 환경의 구분 ·············································································251
2) 환경 피해의 유형 ····································································251
2. 공해관리 방안 / 255
제3절 친환경 경영의 구축 / 257
1. 친환경 경영활동의 요구 / 257
1) 친환경적인 생산활동 ·····························································257
2) 각 단계별 환경친화적 활동 ····················································258
2. 친환경 경영의 정착 / 261
3. 친환경 경영의 실천 방안 / 263
1) 환경을 보호하고자 하는 기업문화의 조성 ·····························263
2) 친환경 경영의 실천 ································································263
3) 친환경 경영을 위한 조직의 신설 ···········································264
4) 환경평가제도의 도입 ·····························································264
5) 그린마케팅의 홍보 ·································································265
제11장 기업의 사회적 책임
제1절 사회적 책임의 이해 / 268
1. 기업의 사회적 책임의 의의 / 268
1) 기업의 사회적 책임의 정의 ·······················································268
2) 기업의 사회적 책임의 등장과 과제 ···········································269
2. 사회적 책임에 대한 두 가지 이론 / 270
1) 부정론 ·······················································································270
2) 긍정론 ·······················································································271
제2절 사회적 책임의 모델과 범위 / 272
1. 기업의 사회적 책임 모델 / 272
1) 전통적 기업의 사회적 책임 ·······················································273
2) 모체적 기업 ···············································································274
3) 중도적 기업 ···············································································274
2. 사회적 책임의 범위와 내용 / 276
제3절 사회공헌활동과 사회적 기업 / 279
1. 기업의 사회공헌활동 / 279
1) 사회공헌활동의 출현 ·································································279
2) 사회공헌활동의 중요성과 기대 ·················································280
3) 사회공헌활동의 유형 ·································································282
2. 사회적 기업 / 283
1) 사회적 기업의 개념 ···································································283
2) 사회적 기업의 유형 ···································································283
제12장 기업의 윤리경영
제1절 기업윤리의 개념 / 286
1. 기업윤리의 정의 / 286
2. 윤리경영이 중요하게 대두되는 이유 / 288
3. 윤리경영과 이익과의 관계 / 289
제2절 기업윤리의 수준 / 291
1. 기업윤리 수준의 변화 / 291
1) 경영조직의 기본 형태 ································································312
2) 권한 배분 형태에 따른 구분 ······················································312
3) 목표 달성 여부에 의한 분류 ······················································313
4) 여러 가지 다양한 경영조직 ·······················································313
제4절 경영지휘 / 315
1. 경영지휘의 정의와 원칙 / 315
1) 경영지휘의 정의 ········································································315
2) 경영지휘의 원칙 ········································································315
2. 경영지휘의 구성요소 / 316
1) 동기부여 ····················································································316
2) 리더십 ·······················································································317
3) 의사소통 ····················································································320
제5절 경영통제 / 321
1. 경영통제의 개념 / 321
1) 경영통제의 의의 ········································································321
2) 경영통제의 유형 ········································································321
2. 경영통제의 절차 및 기법 / 322
1) 경영통제의 절차 ········································································322
2) 통제의 기법 ···············································································323

제14 장 기업의 기능별 관리
제1절 인적자원관리 / 328
1. 인적자원관리의 개념 / 329
2. 인적자원관리 활동의 내용 / 329
제2절 재무관리 / 334
1. 재무관리의 개념 / 334
18
1) 재무관리의 의의 ····································································334
2) 재무관리의 목표 ····································································334
2. 재무관리의 업무내용 / 336
1) 자본의 조달 ···········································································336
2) 자본의 운용 ···········································································338
3. 재무관리의 활동 평가 / 339
1) 재무분석과 재무제표 ·····························································339
2) 재무분석 지표 ········································································340
제3절 생산(운영)관리 / 343
1. 생산(운영)관리의 개념 / 343
1) 생산(운영)활동 ·······································································344
2) 생산성 ····················································································344
3) 생산시스템 ·············································································345
4) 생산(운영)관리의 목표 ···························································347
2. 생산활동의 의사결정 문제 / 348
1) 생산시스템의 장기적?전략적 의사결정 문제 ·······················349
2) 생산시스템의 단기적?전술적 의사결정 문제 ·······················351
제4절 마케팅관리 / 353
1. 마케팅관리의 의의 / 353
1) 마케팅관리의 정의 ·································································353
2) 마케팅 계획의 수립 과정 ·······················································354
2. 마케팅믹스 / 355
1) 4P믹스전략 ············································································356
2) 4C믹스전략 ···········································································359
3. 여러 가지 마케팅 방법 / 361

참고문헌/ 367
찾아보기/ 36