Introduction to Ocean Circulation and Modeling (Hardcover, 1)

Chapter 1 Our Home ? The Earth1.1 The Basics1.2 The Oceans? An Introduction1.3 Spatial and Temporal Scales1.4 Oceans - The Regulator of Temperature1.5 Carriers of Heat ? Cyclones and Currents Chapter 2 Responses and Forces2.1 Introduction2.2 The response variables2.3 The Forcing Function2.4 Newton’s Laws2.5 Rate of Change2.6 Forces on Fluid2.7 The Conservation Equations2.8 Governing Equations Chapter 3 Geostrophic Equilibrium3.1 Introduction3.2 The Geostrophic Balance3.3 Dynamic Height and Geostrophic velocity3.4 Large-scale Geostrophic Balance3.5 Inertial Motion3.6 Thermal Wind Chapter 4 Wind Driven Circulation4.1 Introduction4.2 Wind Stress and Eddy Viscosity4.3 The Ekman Balance4.4 The Integrated Ekman Transport4.5 Sverdrup Dynamics4.6 Vorticity4.7 Stommel’s Solution4.8 Munk’s Model and Future Directions Chapter 5 The Abyssal Connection5.1 The Basics5.2 The Sinking Regions5.3 The Conveyor Belt5.4 Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)5.5 A Simple Model for The THC5.6 Wind-driven and Thermohaline Chapter 6 Time Dependent Circulation6.1 Time Dependence and Waves6.2 The Inertia-Gravity Wave Equations6.3 The Dispersion Relationship6.4 The Dispersion Diagram6.5 Kelvin Waves6.6 Rossby Waves Chapter 7 The Layering of Oceans7.1 The idea of layers7.2 The 2-layer ocean7.3 El Nino and La Nina7.4 The Indian Ni?no (IOD)7.5 Instability7.6 Examples of BT/BC Instabilities Chapter 8 Introduction to Modeling8.1 Context of Modeling8.2 General Approach to Modeling8.3 An Early Ocean Model8.4 Numerical Methods8.5 The Basic Equations8.6 The Model Equations8.7 The Computer Algorithm8.8 Conclusion Chapter 9 Turbulence and Eddies9.1 Turbulence and eddy viscosity9.2 Turbulence and Mixed Layer Chapter 10 Multiscale Ocean Models10.1 A Brief Background10.2 Multiscale Models10.3 Generalized Vertical Coordinates10.4 Harvard Ocean Prediction System (HOPS)10.5 The Princeton Ocean Model (POM)10.6 Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)10.7 MITGCM10.8 HYCOM10.9 MIT - MSEAS10.10 MOM6 Chapter 11 Simulation and Prediction11.1 Context of simulation and Prediction11.2 Grid and Model Set up11.3 Model Initialization11.4 Optimal Interpolation11.5 Data Assimilation11.6 Example Simulations11.7 Prediction11.8 IOOS11.9 Applications Chapter 12 Synoptic Ocean Modeling12.1 The Synoptic Ocean12.2 FORMS12.3 FORMS ? Western North Atlantic12.4 Process Studies with FORMS12.5 A World of FORMS Chapter 13 Interdisciplinary Modeling13.1 Introduction13.2 The Basics13.3 The Biogeochemical Cycles13.4 Vertical Distribution of Dissolved Gases13.5 Meridional Distribution of Dissolved Gases13.6 Simple Biogeochemical modeling13.7 Biogeochemical models - Two Examples13.8 Biogeochemical Processes13.9 Modeling Fish - Stocks and Recruits Chapter 14 Modeling of the Climate System14.1 Atmospheric Modeling14.2 Temperature and CO214.3 Climate System Models14.4 Scenario Modeling14.5 Climate Projection, Downscaling and Governance