An Introduction to Difference Equations (Hardcover, 3, 2005)

Preface.- List of Symbols.- Dynamics of First-Order Difference Equations.- Linear Difference Equations of Higher Order.- Systems of Linear Difference Equations.- Stability Theory.- Higher Order Scalar Difference Equations.- The Z-Transform Method and Volterra Difference Equations.- Oscillation Theory.- Asymptotic Behavior of Difference Equations.- Applications to Continued Fractions and Orthogonal Polynomials.- Control Theory.- Answers and Hints to Selected Problems.- Appendix A: Stability of Nonhyperbolic Fixed Points of Maps on the Real Line.- Vandermonde Matrix.- Stability of Nondifferentiable Maps.- Stable Manifold and Hartman-Grobman-Cushing Theorems.- Levin-May Theorem.- Classical Orthogonal Polynomials.- Identities and Formulas.- References.- Index.