Paleoclimatology : From Snowball Earth to the Anthropocene (Paperback)

· 제목 : Paleoclimatology : From Snowball Earth to the Anthropocene (Paperback) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 과학/수학/생태 > 과학 > 지구과학 > 기상/기후학
· ISBN : 9781119591382
· 쪽수 : 560쪽
· 출판일 : 2020-08-13

Dedication

Author biography

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1   What is Palaeoclimatology?

1.2   What Can Palaeoclimatology Tell Us About Future Climate Change?

1.3   Using Numerical Models to Aid Understanding

1.4   The Structure of This Book

1.5   Why is this History Not More Widely Known?

Chapter 2 The Great Cooling

2.1 The Founding Fathers

2.2 Charles Lyell – ‘Father of Palaeoclimatology’

2.3 Agassiz Discovers The Ice Age

2.4 Lyell Defends Icebergs

Chapter 3: Ice Age Cycles

3.1 The Astronomical Theory of Climate Change

3.2 James Croll Develops The Theory

3.3 Lyell Responds

3.4 Croll Defends His Position

3.5 Even More Ancient Ice Ages

3.6 Not Everyone Agrees

Chapter 4: Trace Gases Warm The Planet

4.1 De Saussure’s Hot Box

4.2 William Herschel’s Accidental Discovery

4.3 Discovering Carbon Dioxide

4.4 Fourier, The ‘Newton of Heat’ Discovers The ‘Greenhouse Effect’

4.5 Tyndall Shows How The ‘Greenhouse Effect’ Works

4.6 Arrhenius Calculates How CO₂ Affects Air Temperature

4.7 Chamberlin’s Theory of Gases and Ice Ages

Chapter 5: Changing Geography Through Time

5.1 The Continents Drift

5.2 The Sea Floor Spreads

5.3 The Dating Game

5.4 Base Maps for Palaeoclimatology

5.5 The Evolution of The Modern World

Chapter 6: Mapping Past Climates

6.1 Climate Indicators

6.2 Palaeoclimatologists Get To Work

6.3 Refining Palaeolatitudes

6.4 Oxygen Isotopes To The Rescue

6.5 Cycles and Astronomy

6.6 Pangaean Palaeoclimates (Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic)

6.7 Post-Break Up Palaeoclimates (Jurassic, Cretaceous)

6.8 Numerical Models Make Their Appearance

6.9 From Wegener to Barron

Chapter 7: Into the Icehouse

7.1 Climate Clues from the Deep Ocean

7.2 Palaeoceanography

7.3 The World’s Freezer

7.4 The Drill Bit Turns

7.5 Global Cooling

7.6 Arctic Glaciation

Chapter 8: Greenhouse Gas Theory Matures

8.1 CO₂ in the Atmosphere and Ocean (1930-1955)

8.2 CO₂ in the Atmosphere and Ocean (1955-1979)

8.3 CO₂ in the Atmosphere and Ocean (1979-1983)

8.4 Biogeochemistry - the Merging of Physics and Biology

8.5 The Carbon Cycle

8.6 Ocean Carbon

8.7 A Growing International Emphasis

8.8 Reflection on Developments

Chapter 9: Measuring and Modelling CO₂ Back Through Time

9.1 CO₂ – the Palaeoclimate Perspective

9.2 Modeling CO₂ Back Through Time

9.3 The Critics Gather

9.4 Fossil CO₂

9.5 Measuring CO₂ Back Through Time

9.6 CO₂, temperature, solar luminosity and the Ordovician glaciation

9.7 Some Summary Remarks

Chapter 10: The Pulse of the Earth

10.1 Climate Cycles and Tectonic Forces,

10.2 Ocean Chemistry,

10.3 Black Shales,

10.4 Sea Level,

10.5 Biogeochemical Cycles, Gaia and Cybertectonic Earth,

10.6 Meteorite Impacts,

10.7 Massive Volcanic Eruptions and Biological Extinctions

10.8 An Outrageous Hypothesis: Snowball Earth

Chapter 11: Numerical Climate Models and Case Histories

11.1 CO₂ and General Circulation Models

11.2 Climate Sensitivity

11.3 CO₂ and Climate in the Early Cenozoic

11.4 The First Great Ice Sheet

11.5 Hyperthermal Events

11.6 Case History -The Palaeocene-Eocene Boundary

11.7 Case History – the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum

11.8 Case History - The Pliocene

Chapter 12: Solving the Ice Age Mystery – The Deep Ocean Solution

12.1 Astronomical Drivers

12.2 An Ice Age Climate Signal Emerges from the Deep Ocean

12.3 Ice Age CO₂ Signal Hidden on Deep Sea Floor

12.4 Flip-Flops in the Conveyor

12.5 A Surprise Millennial Signal Emerges

12.6 Ice Age Productivity

12.7 Observations on Deglaciation and Past Interglacials

12.8 Sea Level

12.9 Natural Climatic Envelopes

Chapter 13: Solving the Ice Age Mystery – The Ice Core Tale

13.1 The Great Ice Sheets

13.2 The Greenland Story

13.3 Antarctic Ice

13.4 Seesaws

13.5 CO₂ in the Ice Age Atmosphere

13.6 The Ultimate Climate Flicker – The Younger Dryas Event

13.7 Problems in the Milankovitch Garden

13.8 The Mechanics of Change

Chapter 14: The Holocene Interglacial

14.1 Holocene Climate Change

14.2 The Role of Greenhouse Gases – Carbon Dioxide and Methane

14.3 Climate Variability

Chapter 15: The Late Holocene and the Anthropocene

15.1 The Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age

15.2 Solar Activity and Cosmic Rays

15.3 Volcanoes and Climate

15.4 Sea Level

15.5 The End of the Little Ice Age

15.6 The Anthropocene

Chapter 16: Putting It All Together

16.1 A Fast Evolving Subject

16.2 Natural Envelopes of Climate Change - Earth’s Thermostat

16.3 Evolving Knowledge

16.4 Where is Climate Headed?

16.5 Some Final Remarks

16.6 What Can Be Done?

Appendix

Further Reading

Index