중국어 음성학

한국어판 《중국어 음성학》 증정본 서문 ·····································3
증정본 서문 ·································································12
원서 서문 ···································································19
서 론 ········································································32

제1장 음 성·······································································43
1. 음파 ···········································································43
1.1. 음성의 전파 ···························································43
1.2. 진폭과 주파수 ·························································46
1.3. 복합파와 스펙트럼 ····················································48
1.4. 소리의 공명작용 ······················································51
2. 발성기관의 구조 ·····························································53
2.1. 음성의 생성 ···························································53
2.2. 발성의 에너지원 ······················································56
2.3. 후두와 성대 ···························································57
2.4. 음성의 공명강 ·························································63
3. 음성의 인식 ··································································67
3.1. 귀의 구조 ·····························································67
3.2. 청각과 음성의 식별 ···················································71
4. 음성의 분류 ··································································73

제2장 모 음·······································································79
1. 모음의 성질 ··································································79
1.1. 모음과 자음 ···························································79
1.2. 성도의 공명과 모음의 음색 ···········································81
2. 모음의 분류 ··································································83
2.1. 모음을 분류하는 기준 ·················································83
2.2. 모음의 위치와 모음사각도 ············································85
2.3. 설첨모음ㆍ권설모음 그리고 비화모음 ································90
2.4. 모음의 길이와 긴장 ···················································93
3. 표준중국어의 단모음 ························································96
4. 모음의 음향적 특성 ························································100
4.1. 성도와 포먼트 ·······················································100
4.2. 모음의 스펙트로그램 ·················································103
4.3. 모음의 발음구조와 포먼트와의 관계 ································108

제3장 자 음·····································································115
1. 자음의 발음부위 ····························································115
1.1. 순음 ··································································115
1.2. 설첨음 ································································116
1.3. 설엽음 ································································117
1.4. 설면음 ································································118
1.5. 목젖음 ································································119
1.6. 후두음 ································································120
2. 자음의 발음방법 ····························································121
3. 자음의 기타 특징 ···························································128
3.1. 무성음과 유성음, 그리고 유기음 ····································128
3.2. 자주 보이는 이차조음 ···············································134
3.3. 폐 부위 이외의 기류음 ··············································136
4. 표준중국어의 자음 ·························································143
4.1. 표준중국어 자음의 발음부위 ········································143
4.2. 표준중국어 자음의 발음방법 ········································145
5. 자음의 음향적 특성 ························································148
5.1. 발음방법과 발음부위의 음향적 표현 ································148
5.2. 전이와 유성음의 시작시간 ···········································154

제4장 음절과 음절의 구조·················································163
1. 음절의 분류 ·································································163
2. 음절의 구조 ·································································168
2.1. 음절구조의 유형과 “연접제약” ······································168
2.2. 음절에서 모음의 결합―복모음 ······································173
2.3. 음절에서 자음의 결합 ···············································176
3. 중국어의 음절구조 ·························································179
3.1. 중국어 음절구조의 특징 ·············································179
3.2. 성모ㆍ운모, 그리고 사호(四呼) ······································182
4. 표준중국어의 음절구조 ····················································186
4.1. 표준중국어의 성모 ···················································186
4.2. 표준중국어의 운모 ···················································192
4.3. 표준중국어의 성모ㆍ운모 간의 결합관계 ····························206

제5장 성 조·····································································213
1. 성조의 성질 ·································································213
1.1. 성조 언어와 비성조 언어 ············································213
1.2. 성조값과 조류(調類) ·················································216
2. 중국어의 성조 ······························································220
2.1. 평상거입(平上去入)과 음양(陰陽) ····································220
2.2. 표준중국어의 성조 ···················································223
2.3. 중국어 방언의 성조 ··················································227
2.4. 입성의 문제 ··························································232
3. 성조의 감지와 측정 ························································236
3.1. 성조의 감지 ··························································236
3.2. 성조의 측정 ··························································240
3.3. 기본주파수에서 오도제로의 전환 ····································242

제6장 음성변화·································································247
1. 음성변화의 성질 ····························································247
1.1 자유 음성변화와 부자유 음성변화 ···································247
1.2. 자주 보이는 몇 가지 음성변화 현상 ································251
2. 성조변화 ·····································································258
2.1. 성조변화의 성질 ·····················································258
2.2. 성조변화의 유형 ·····················································261
2.3. 표준중국어의 성조변화 ··············································264
3. 중국어의 얼화음변( 化音變) ·············································269
3.1. 중국어 얼화( 化)의 특징 ···········································269
3.2. 표준중국어의 얼화운( 化韻) ········································274

제7장 운 율·····································································281
1. 어휘의 경중음 ······························································281
1.1. 어휘의 중음 ··························································282
1.2. 중국어의 경음과 경성 ···············································285
2. 문장중음 ·····································································291
2.1. 문장중음의 유형과 분포 ·············································291
2.2. 문장중음의 음성특징 ·················································293
3. 리듬 ··········································································297
3.1. 음보 ··································································298
3.2. 휴지 ··································································300
3.3. 운율구조와 구법구조 ·················································301
4. 어조 ··········································································304
4.1. 자조(字調)와 어조(語調) ·············································305
4.2. 어조의 구조 ··························································308
4.3. 표준중국어의 진술 어조와 의문 어조 ·······························311

제8장 음성학과 음운론······················································317
1. 음소와 음소 분석 ···························································317
2. 음소 귀납의 기본 원칙 ····················································321
3. 음소와 변이음 ······························································331
4. 음소의 결합과 계열 ························································336
5. 음소 귀납의 여러 가지 가능성 ············································345
6. 음운론과 변별적 자질 이론 ···············································359
6.1. 음소에서 변별적 자질까지 ···········································359
6.2. 변별적 자질 이론의 핵심 - 이분법 ·································361
6.3. 변별적 자질과 현대 음운론 ·········································365

제9장 표준중국어 음소 체계의 분석과 토론························373
1. 표준중국어 운모의 정밀표기법 ············································373
2. 표준중국어의 고모음 음소 ·················································376
2.1. [ɿ], [ʅ], [i]의 음소 분합 문제 ······································376
2.2. 고모음 음소 귀납의 기타 문제 ······································381
3. 표준중국어의 중모음 음소 ·················································385
3.1. [e], [ɛ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɤ], [o]의 음소 귀납 토의 ··················385
3.2. 권설 모음 [ɚ]([er])의 음소 분석 ····································389
4. 표준중국어의 저모음 음소 ·················································393
5. 표준중국어의 자음 음소와 성조 음소 ····································399
5.1. 표준중국어의 자음 음소 ·············································399
5.2. 영성모가 자음 음소인지의 여부 ·····································403
5.3. 자음 음소의 주요 변이음 ············································406
5.4. 표준중국어의 음높이 음소 체계 ·····································414
6. 두 종류의 음소 체계 귀납법 ··············································421

제10장 <한어병음방안>과 표준중국어 음소의 관계················429
1. 자모와 음성 ·································································429
2. 중국어 병음 자모와 표준중국어 음소의 대응 관계 ·····················434
3. 성모표 중 자모와 음성의 배치 관계 ·····································438
4. 운모표 중 모음 자모의 독음 규칙 ········································443
5. <한어병음방안>과 표준중국어 운모의 약식표기, 정밀표기의 대조 ···· 456

참고문헌 ···································································459
찾아보기 ···································································464
편역자의 말 ································································469