스포츠사회학

Chapter 01 스포츠의 이해 / 13

1. 스포츠의 어원 ······················································································15
2. 스포츠의 정의: 진화론적 관점 ·····························································16
1) 놀이와 스포츠 ··················································································17
2) 게임 ·································································································23
3) 스포츠 ···························································································24
3. 스포츠의 특성 ······················································································25
1) 허구성 ·····························································································26
2) 비생산성 ··························································································26
3) 불확실성 ··························································································26
4) 제도화된 규칙성 ··············································································27
5) 경쟁성 ·····························································································27
6) 신체적 탁월성 ··················································································28
7) 제도화 ·····························································································28
4. 문명화 과정과 스포츠 ··········································································29
1) 문명화 과정 ·····················································································29
2) 스포츠의 문명화 과정 ······································································30
5. 근대스포츠의 특징 ···············································································31
1) 세속주의(secularism) ·····································································32
2) 평등성(equality) ··············································································32
3) 전문화(specialization) ····································································33
4) 합리화(rationalization) ····································································35
5) 관료화(bureaucratization) ······························································35
6) 수량화(quantification) ····································································36
7) 기록추구(record) ·············································································37

Chapter 02 스포츠사회학 이론 / 39

1. 스포츠와 사회이론 ···············································································41
1) 스포츠사회학에서 이론의 역할 ·························································41
2) 스포츠사회학 이론의 성격 ·······························································42
2. 스포츠사회학의 이론 ············································································43
1) 구조기능론: 스포츠는 삶의 활력소다 ···············································43
2) 갈등론: 스포츠는 아편이다 ······························································49
3) 비판이론: 스포츠는 대중을 기만하는 문화산업이다 ·························58
4) 상징적 상호작용론 ···········································································66
5) 교환이론 ··························································································69



Chapter 03 스포츠와 정치 / 73

1. 스포츠와 정치의 관계 ··········································································75
1) 스포츠와 정치는 무관하다? ·····························································75
2) 왜 스포츠는 정치화되는가? ·····························································76
3) 스포츠와 정치의 관계를 연구하는 두 가지 접근 ·····························80
2. 스포츠와 국내정치: 왜 국가는 스포츠에 관여할까? ·····························82
1) 공공질서 유지 ··················································································82
2) 공정성 보장 및 인권 보호 ·······························································83
3) 건강 및 체력 유지 ··········································································83
4) 지역사회(커뮤니티) 또는 국가의 위상 및 권력 증진 ························83
5) 정체성 및 단합 촉진 ·······································································83
6) 지배적 가치와 이데올로기의 재생산 ················································84
7) 정치 지도자와 정부에 대한 지지 증대 ············································84
8) 경제 및 사회 발전 촉진 ··································································84
3. 국제적 맥락에서 스포츠와 정치 ···························································86
1) 국가의 외교적 활용 ·········································································86
2) 국제 스포츠 거버넌스 ······································································92
4. 스포츠 메가이벤트의 정치학 ································································94
1) 스포츠 메가이벤트 레거시의 신화 ···················································94
2) 스포츠 메가이벤트의 민족주의와 상업주의 ······································99
Chapter 04 스포츠와 경제 / 101

1. 현대 스포츠의 발전에 영향을 미친 사회적 요인 ································103
1) 산업화 ···························································································103
2) 도시화 ···························································································104
3) 교통ㆍ통신의 발달 ·········································································104
2. 스포츠와 상업주의 ·············································································105
1) 상업주의 스포츠 출현의 일반적 사회조건 ······································105
2) 상업주의와 스포츠의 변화 ·····························································106
3. 프로스포츠와 상업주의 ·······································································109
1) 프로스포츠의 경제적 가치 ·····························································109
2) 프로스포츠의 사회적 기능 ·····························································111
3) 프로스포츠 상업화의 다양한 제도와 그 이중성 ·····························112
4. 스포츠 메가 이벤트(Sports mega-event)와 상업주의 ·····················118
1) 스포츠 메가 이벤트의 경제적 가치 ···············································118
2) 우리나라의 스포츠 메가 이벤트 유치와 경제적 효과 ·····················122
5. 우리나라 프로스포츠와 경제 ······························································125
1) 초기 프로스포츠의 탄생 ································································125
2) 프로스포츠의 본격화 ······································································126
3) 우리나라 프로스포츠의 특징 ··························································127
Chapter 05 스포츠와 미디어 / 129

1. 미디어의 이해 ····················································································131
1) 미디어의 역할 ···············································································131
2) 미디어의 분류 ···············································································133
2. 미디어 이론 ·······················································································135
1) 맥루한의 매체이론 ·········································································135
2) 이용과 충족이론 ············································································137
3) 사회범주 이론 ···············································································138
4) 네트워크 사회 이론 ·······································································139
5) 문화연구 이론 ···············································································140
3. 미디어스포츠의 효과 ··········································································142
4. 미디어스포츠의 탄생 ··········································································144
1) 미디어스포츠의 개념 ······································································144
2) 스포츠와 미디어의 만남 ································································144
3) TV의 등장과 스포츠 ······································································145
4) 스포츠 메가 이벤트(sports mega-event)의 미디어 이벤트화 ·····146
5) 한국 미디어스포츠의 발전 과정 ·····················································148
5. 스포츠와 대중매체의 상호작용 ···························································152
1) 스포츠가 미디어에 미치는 영향 ·····················································152
2) 미디어가 스포츠에 미치는 영향 ·····················································153
6. 미디어스포츠의 이데올로기 전파 ························································154
1) 자본주의 이데올로기 ······································································155
2) 성차별 이데올로기 ·········································································155
3) 성공 이데올로기 ············································································156
4) 영웅 이데올로기 ············································································156
5) 기타 이데올로기 ············································································157
7. 스포츠 저널리즘과 윤리 ·····································································157

Chapter 06 스포츠와 교육 및 육성 / 159

1. 스포츠 교육과 육성의 이해 ································································161
2. 스포츠육성이란? ·················································································162
1) 스포츠개발 ·····················································································163
2) 스포츠교육 ·····················································································163
3) 스포츠정책 ·····················································································163
3. 스포츠육성의 목적 ·············································································165
1) 스포츠 그 자체의 발전(Development of Sport) ························165
2) 스포츠를 통한 사회의 발전(Development through Sport) ········166
4. 스포츠육성의 모델 ·············································································166
1) 피라미드 모델 ···············································································167
2) 낙수효과(trickle-down effects) 모델 ·········································167
3) 선순환 모델 ···················································································167
4) 선순환 모델에 대한 비판 ······························································168
5) 스포츠육성의 실제 ·········································································172
5. 스포츠육성의 주체: 스포츠육성 거버넌스 ···········································174
1) 정부: 위계적 관계 ·········································································176
2) 시장: 경쟁 관계 ············································································176
3) 시민사회: 호혜적, 자발적, 네트워크 관계 ·····································177
4) 스포츠 거버넌스의 혼종성과 정치성 ··············································178
6. 한국 스포츠육성 시스템의 현재와 전망 ·············································179
1) 교육 평등의 의미와 단계 ······························································179
2) 학교관료제에 의존하는 위계적 시스템 ···········································181
3) 한국의 스포츠육성을 규정하는 두 가지 제도 ································184
4) 스포츠육성의 관료적 장치들 ··························································186
5) 한국 스포츠육성 시스템의 문제 ·····················································189
6) 개선의 시도와 한계 ·······································································193

Chapter 07 스포츠 사회화 / 199

1. 스포츠 사회화의 의미 ········································································201
2. 사회화 이론 ·······················································································202
1) 사회학습이론(social learning theory) ·········································202
2) 역할이론(role theory) ··································································202
3) 준거집단이론(reference group theory) ······································203
3. 스포츠 사회화의 과정 ········································································203
1) 스포츠로의 사회화 ·········································································204
2) 스포츠를 통한 사회화 ··································································208
3) 스포츠에서의 탈사회화 ··································································212
4) 스포츠로의 재사회화 ······································································213

Chapter 08 스포츠와 사회계층 / 215

1. 계층이란? ···························································································217
1) 마르크스의 계급: 경제가 계급을 규정한다 ····································217
2) 베버의 계층(stratification): 계층은 다층적이다 ····························218
3) 부르디외의 계급: 경제, 문화, 사회적 자본 ···································219
2. 스포츠의 사회계층적 특성 ··································································221
1) Tumin의 사회계층의 다섯 가지 특성 ···········································222
2) 구성주의가 말하는 스포츠의 사회구성성 ·······································225
3. 사회계층과 스포츠 참가 ·····································································227
1) 경제적, 사회문화적 차이에 따른 스포츠 참여 ·······························227
2) 부르디외의 계급에 따른 스포츠 참여 ············································229
4. 스포츠와 계층이동 ·············································································235
1) 계층이동의 유형 ············································································236
2) 계층이동 기제로서 스포츠의 역할 ·················································236

Chapter 09 스포츠와 젠더 / 239

1. 젠더 이해하기 ····················································································241
1) 젠더의 사회적 구성 ·······································································241
2) 젠더의 사회적 특성 ·······································································242
2. 젠더불평등을 바라보는 다양한 시선 ··················································246
1) 자유주의 페미니즘 ·········································································246
2) 마르크스주의 페미니즘 ··································································248
3) 급진주의 페미니즘 ·········································································250
4) 남성 페미니즘 ···············································································252
3. 스포츠 젠더 불평등의 실제 ································································255
1) 여성의 스포츠 참여의 불평등 ························································255
2) 여성선수에 대한 불평등한 보상 ·····················································258
3) 여성지도자의 취업 불평등 ·····························································259
4) 스포츠의 이분법적 성별 구분 ························································261
4. 차별적 젠더 이데올로기의 재생산 ······················································263
1) 젠더불평등 이데올로기의 형성: 편견들 ··········································263
2) 젠더불평등 이데올로기의 유포: 미디어 ··········································266
3) 스포츠의 젠더불평등 이데올로기의 재생산: 스포츠 ·······················266

Chapter 10 스포츠와 일탈 / 269

1. 스포츠 일탈의 이해 ···········································································271
1) 스포츠 일탈의 접근방법 ······························································272
2) 스포츠일탈의 유형 ·········································································275
3) 스포츠윤리와 일탈적 과잉동조 ······················································276
2. 스포츠 일탈의 사회학적 이론 ····························································278
1) 구조기능주의 관점 ·········································································279
2) 갈등론적 관점 ···············································································282
3) 상호작용론적 관점 ·········································································285
3. 스포츠 일탈의 기능 ···········································································287
1) 스포츠 일탈의 역기능 ····································································287
2) 스포츠 일탈의 순기능 ····································································288
4. 스포츠 일탈 행동의 유형 ···································································289
1) 폭력 ······························································································289
2) 부정행위 ······················································································292
3) 범죄행위 ························································································293
4) 도핑 ······························································································293
5. 스포츠 일탈 행동 연구의 사례: 승부조작에 대한 이론적 접근 ··········294
1) 승부조작이란? ···············································································294
2) 승부조작의 종류 ············································································295
3) 승부조작에 대한 이론적 접근법 ·····················································297

Chapter 11 스포츠와 집합행동 / 305


1. 스포츠 관중행동의 이해 ·····································································307
1) 스포츠 관중의 유형 ·······································································307
2) 스포츠 관중행동의 순기능 ·····························································308
3) 스포츠 관중행동의 역기능 ·····························································308
2. 스포츠 관중행동의 유형 ·····································································309
1) 쟁점성 관중행동 ············································································309
2) 무쟁점성 관중행동 ·········································································309
3. 스포츠 집합행동의 실제 ·····································································310
1) 카니발적 집합행동 ·········································································310
2) 폭력적 집합행동 ············································································311
4. 집합행동의 이해 ·················································································315
1) 폭력적 집합행동의 원인 ································································315
2) 집합행동에 관한 이론적 이해 ························································317
3) 폭력적 집합행동에 대한 이론적 이해 ············································320
5. 폭력적 집합행동 통제 전략 ································································324

Chapter 12 스포츠와 사회조직 / 327

1. 스포츠 집단의 이해 ···········································································329
1) 스포츠 집단의 정의 ·······································································329
2) 스포츠 집단의 지위와 역할 ···························································330
3) 스포츠 집단의 분류 ·······································································332
4) 스포츠 집단의 형성과 발전 ···························································333
2. 스포츠와 사회조직 ···········································································336
1) 스포츠 조직의 이해 ·······································································336
2) 스포츠 조직의 구조적 특성 ···························································336
3) 스포츠 조직의 유형과 수준 ···························································338
4) 스포츠 조직의 문화적 특징 ···························································339
3. 국제스포츠조직의 이해 ·······································································340
1) 국제올림픽위원회(IOC) ································································340
2) 국가올림픽위원회(NOC) ································································342
3) 국제경기연맹(IFs) ··········································································343
4. 국내스포츠조직의 이해 ·······································································344
1) 문화체육관광부 ··············································································344
2) 대한체육회 ·····················································································344
3) 국민체육진흥공단 ···········································································346


Chapter 13 스포츠와 세계화 / 349

1. 스포츠 세계화의 이해 ········································································351
1) 스포츠의 세계화의 정의 ································································351
2) 근대스포츠의 전파 ·········································································352
2. 스포츠 세계화의 동인 ········································································355
1) 제국주의(Imperialism) ··································································356
2) 민족주의 ························································································358
3) 종교 ······························································································360
4) 테크놀로지의 진보 ·········································································360
3. 신자유주의 시대의 스포츠 ································································361
1) 신자유주의적 세계화의 이해 ··························································361
2) 스포츠의 신자유주의적 세계화 ······················································362
3) 신자유주의적 세계화의 그림자 ······················································363
4) 신자유주의 시대의 문화제국주의 ·················································364