장수기업으로 가는 길

제 1 부 장수기업으로의 기반요소
제 1 장 총 론
제1절 편저의 배경 ·····························································································4
1.1 기업조직의 탄생과 소멸 4
1.2 장수하는 기업의 특징은 무엇인가? 5
1.3 기업의 창업과 조기폐업율 6
제2절 편저의 목적 ·····························································································9
2.1 장수기업의 특징과 육성 9
2.2 조기폐업에 따른 사회적, 경제적 손실 11
2.3 중소기업 폐업의 유형 14
제3절 편저의 의의 ······························································································17
3.1 청년에게 희망을 18
3.2 한국경제 사는 길 22
3.3 유휴 인적자원 활용 23
제 2 장 기업분류
제1절 소상공인과 중소기업 ···············································································28
1.1 소기업 및 소상공인 28
1.2 중소기업 33
제2절 중견기업과 강소기업 ··············································································36
2.1 중견기업 36
2.2 강소기업 39
차 례
- xi -
제3절 벤처기업과 장수기업 ··············································································44
3.1 벤처기업 44
3.5 장수기업 47
제 3 장 우리나라 기업의 발전과정
제1절 해방 후 기업의 태동과 활동 ··································································52
1.1 광복후의 기업실태 52
1.2 군사정권과 경제개발 62
제2절 개발경제 체제 정부주도의 기업육성 ····················································66
2.1 경제정책과 산업구조 개혁 66
2.2 기업의 체질개선과 성장 69
제3절 민주화와 기업체질 개선 ·········································································75
3.1 민주화와 기업활동 75
3.2 기업의 체질강화 기업의 생존 79
제4절 미래 한국기업의 발전과제 ·····································································84
4.1 미래 한국기업의 발전예측 84
4.2 기업구조 개선의 효과 86
4.3 한국기업의 미래 90
제 4 장 장수기업의 조건
제1절 다생과 조기폐업의 기업구조 ·································································98
1.1 불확실성 속에서 소상공인 창업 98
1.2 기업의 환경변화와 조기폐업 102
1.3 중소기업의 인적자원 104
제2절 장수기업의 장수요인 ·············································································110
2.1 한국기업의 낮은 평균수명 110
2.2 협력업체와 기업의 장수 114
2.3 장수기업들의 경영철학 118
제3절 가치창조와 공유가치 창조 ···································································122
3.1 가치창조 122
3.2 미래를 위한 장수전략 128
- xii -
3.3 장수기업으로 향하여 131
제4절 창조성과 기업가정신 ·············································································136
4.1 창조성과 기업가정신 정의 중요성 136
4.2 기업가정신의 중요 3요소 138
4.3 기업가정신의 발전단계 139
제 2 부 세계적인 장수기업 성공사례
제 5 장 한국의 장수기업
제1절 한국의 기업문화와 역사 ·······································································148
1.1 한국의 기업문화 148
1.2 조선시대 사농공상 149
1.3 실학의 발생과 상업의 획기적 성장 151
제2절 한국기업 문화의 특성 ···········································································156
2.1 우리의 생활의식 156
2.2 한국 장수기업의 기본요소 157
2.3 한국 장수기업의 윤리경영 159
제3절 한국의 장수기업 ····················································································163
3.1 두산그룹 163
3.2 대림산업 174
3.3 동화기업 181
3.4 (주)정식품 191
제4절 한국 장수기업의 핵심포인트 ······························································200
4.1 한국기업의 수난과 발전요약 200
4.2 한국 장수기업의 특징과 기업문화 203
4.3 한국기업 미래와 장수의 길 206
제 6 장 일본의 장수기업
제1절 일본의 기업문화 ·····················································································212
- xiii -
1.1 일본의 기업문화 212
1.2 장수기업 대국일본 217
1.3 일본 100년 장수기업의 성공비결 217
1.4 장수기업의 생존법과 중시하는 가치 219
제2절 일본 장수기업의 특징 ··········································································222
2.1 일본이 장수기업 대국이 된 이유 222
2.2 장수기업의 경영법칙 226
2.3 가족경영과 고유문화 창달 228
제3절 일본 장수기업 ·······················································································232
3.1 大津屋 주식회사 233
3.2 가라야(カラヤ) 주식회사 242
3.3 日華(Nicca)化? 주식회사 248
3.4 ?永眼鏡 주식회사 254
제4절 일본 장수기업 핵심포인트 ···································································261
4.1 일본 장수기업 특유의 기업문화 261
4.2 일본 장수기업에서 배우기 263
4.3 일본 장수기업에서 배우는 경영승계 비전 266
제 7장 독일의 장수기업
제1절 독일의 장수기업 문화 ···········································································270
1.1 독일경제가 강한 이유 270
1.2 히든챔피언의 특징은 무엇인가 272
1.3 독일기업의 역할 275
제2절 독일 장수기업의 히든챔피언 ·······························································279
2.1 독일의 위기극복의 근원적 자원 279
2.2 독일기업들이 수출에 성공하는 이유 283
제3절 독일의 장수기업 ···················································································288
3.1 Joh. Barth and Sohn GmbH and co. KG 288
3.2 HiPP AG 294
3.3 Mueller GmbH 302
3.4 머크(Merck) 308
- xiv -
제4절 독일 장수기업 핵심포인트 ···································································316
4.1 독일이 앞서가는 핵심요소 316
4.2 독일이 경쟁우위를 갖는 역량 319
4.3 독일기업이 주는 교훈 321
제 8 장 중국의 장수기업
제1절 중국의 기업문화 ····················································································326
1.1 신중국 기업문화 326
1.2 중국의 관계문화 발전적 관계 329
1.3 중국기업 변천사 요약 331
제2절 중국 중국인, 중국기업의 특성 ····························································334
2.1 21세기 중국기업 문화의 전망 334
2.2 중국인의 사업기질 335
2.3 중국인의 인간관계 339
제3절 중국의 장수기업 ····················································································344
3.1 바이췌링(百雀羚) 344
3.2 다오샹춘(稻香春) 350
3.3 장위(張裕)포도주 356
3.4 류비쥐(六必居) 장아찌 명가(名家) 362
제4절 중국 장수기업의 핵심포인트 ·······························································368
4.1 중국의 상거래 핵심포인트 368
4.2 중국기업 문화특성과 기업분류 370
4.3 장수기업들의 성공포인트는 습관 373
제 9 장 미국의 장수기업
제1절 미국의 역사와 기업사 ···········································································376
1.1 미국역사 376
1.2 미국의 기업사와 배분정책 378
1.3 민주주의와 세계평화 381
제2절 2차 세계대전과 미국기업 성공신화 ···················································387
2.1 제2차 세계대전 도발과 종전 387
- xv -
2.2 미국 장수기업 성공신화 390
제3절 미국 장수기업 ·······················································································396
3.1 존슨 앤 존슨(Johnson & Johnson) 396
3.2 GE : General Edison. 403
3.3 GLOBAL Procter&Gamble(P&G) 410
3.4 다우케미칼(Dow Chemical) 417
제4절 미국 장수기업 핵심포인트 ···································································424
4.1 미국기업 성공신화의 역사 424
4.2 기업의 장수를 위한 혁신 427
제 3 부 한국과 일본 경영의 신들이 주는 교훈
제 10 장 경영의 신들 발상과 실천
제1절 경영의 신들에게 배우는 기업가정신 ··················································434
1.1 정주영 DNA 역발상으로 위기돌파 434
1.2 삼성의 창업자 이병철의 인사정책 437
1.3 SK그룹 최종건 종현 회장 왕실과 담판 440
제2절 삼성전자 창조적 변신 ··········································································446
2.1 발전적 아이디어면 하위직도 팀장으로 446
2.2 글로벌 위상에 걸맞은 창조적 조직문화 구현 448
2.3 삼성전 CEO로 근무 보는눈이 달라야 앞서가는 기업 만드러 451
2.4 삼성전자의 최대 강점은 임파워먼트(권한 이양) 455
2.5 경영자대상 수상 삼성전자 459
제3절 무(無)에서 유(有)를 창조 ·····································································466
3.1 세상을 늘 밝게 맑게 바르게 보자 466
3.2 성공은 시련속에서 이루진다 468
3.3 개척정신 길을 찾고 없으면 만드러라 470
3.4 상상을 현실로 만드는 불같은 도전… 그의 ‘돌파 정신’ 되살려라 471
제4절 정주영과 거북선 기지(奇智) ································································476
4.1 정주영과 박정희의 대담 476
- xvi -
4.2 정주영식 기지(奇智) 478
4.3 난관을 극복하기위해 새길치자 480
4.4 배의 완성 물위로진수 483
제 11 장 일본 경영 신들이 주는 교훈
제1절 일본 강소기업의 비결 분석 ·································································490
1.1 세계 100년 기업의 80%가 日 열도에 있다 490
1.2 글로벌 강소기업의 9가지 조건 493
1.3 일본 강소기업의 불타는 생존력 셋… (創)창의력?(執)집념?(變)변신 494
1.4 100년 기업 흔한 日本 규제 풀어 승계 도와 497
제2절 일본 경영의 신들이 후학들에게 말한다 ············································502
2.1 경천애인?중심성성?인이관지를 명심해라 502
2.2 일본 기업인 정신 (혼?창?통) 507
2.3 혼?창?통은 불확실성의 폭풍우 속을 비추는 등대 510
제3절 일본 소강 장수기업의 고찰 ·································································514
3.1 경영 이념과 사회적 책임에 관한 하나의 고찰 514
3.2 경영자의 경영 이념과 리더십 516
3.3 장수 기업에서 본 경영자의 경영 이념과 그 사회적 책임 520
3.4 마지막으로 정리하면 524
제4절 존속 요건과 기업의 장수 ····································································528
4.1 연구의 배경과 목적 528
4.2 중소기업 설문조사 - 창업 40년 이내와 100년 이상 기업 비교 530
4.3 장수기업 인터뷰조사 536
4.4 중소기업 존속의 요건과 그 배경 541
참고문헌 ···············································································································547