Radiation: An Energy Carrier (Paperback)

· 제목 : Radiation: An Energy Carrier (Paperback) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 과학/수학/생태 > 과학 > 물리학 > 원자력
· ISBN : 9789811919565
· 쪽수 : 166쪽
· 출판일 : 2022-05-18

Table of Contents

Preface to English edition

Preface

Chapter 1 Radiation carries energy

1-1 Is radiation scary?

1-2 What is written in this book

1-2-1 Radiation is carries energy

1-2-2 All physical and chemical phenomena accompany energy transfer

1-2-3 “EQ (radiation) exposure” means energy deposition (absorption) or energy transfer from EQ to an object

1-2-4 Deposited or absorbed energy in unit mass or volume are quite different depending the kind of EQ.

1-2-5 Units related to radiation, exposure and radiation measurements

  1-2-5-1 Energy and power carried/deposited by EQ (radiation) (J or eV and W)

1-2-5-2 Absorbed dose and dose rate

  1-2-5-3 Intensity of EQ or radioactivity

1-2-6 Intensity and energy of EQ (radiation)

1-3 Energy release from a material (Black body radiation and EQ emission)

1-4 EQ sources in nature

1-5 Energy transfer in physical and chemical phenomena

1-6 Radioactive materials and artificial EQ (radiation) sources

1-7 Summary

 

Chapter 2 Radiation (EQ: Energy Quantum) 

2-1 Introduction

2-2 Radiation is consisting of EQ

2-3 Sources of EQ and their intensity

2-3-1 Sources

2-3-2 Characteristics of radioisotopes as EQ sources

2-3-3 Geometry of EQ sources (point, planner, volumetric and spatial sources)

2-3-3-1 Point and volumetric sources

2-3-3-2 Planner source    

2-3-3-3 Spatial source

2-3-4 Air dose rate

2-4 Energy deposition (absorption) given by EQ exposure

2-5 Energy absorption in living beings exposed to EQ 

2-5-1 External exposure

2-5-2 Internal exposure

2-5-3 Absorbed dose, dose rate and dose equivalent

2-5-4 Conversion of units related to EQ exposure (Bq, Gy, Sv and effective dose)

2-6 Shielding and decontamination

2-7 Effects of EQ exposure on a human body

 

Chapter 3 Sources of Energetic Quanta (EQ) (Radiation Sources) 

3-1 Radioisotopes

3-1-1 Stable isotopes and radioisotopes

3-1-2 Emission of EQ from radioactive isotopes (Disintegration of radioisotopes)

3-1-3 Radioactive isotopes in nature

3-1-4 EQ exposure of human body in nature 

3-1-5 EQ emitted from 131-iodine and 137-cesium and their exposure effects

3-2 Radiation from the sun

3-3 Nuclear reactors

3-4 Release of FPs from the Fukushima power plant after the accident

3-5 Artificial EQ sources

3-5-1 Accelerators

3-5-2 X-ray Generator

3-5-3 Lasers

 

Chapter 4. Irradiation effects of EQ on materials (inorganic- and organic-materials, and living beings) 

4-1 Evaluation of the effects of EQ exposure

4-1-1 There is no critical dose to distinguish secure and insecure

4-1-2 Definite and stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure

4-1-3 Evaluation of the effects of low-dose exposure and reduction of exposure

4-2 Irradiation effects of EQ on materials

4-2-1 Effects of EQ exposure on inorganic materials

4-2-1-1 Irradiation effects of metals    

4-2-1-1-1 Damages caused by nuclear collisions

4-2-1-1-2 Damage caused by electron excitation

4-2-1-2 Irradiation effects of covalent and ionic bonding materials

4-2-2 Irradiation effects of organic materials

4-2-3 Irradiation effects of living beings - from molecular levels in cells, tissues to individuals ?

4-3 Resilience to EQ exposure and recovery

4-4 Absorbed does (deposited energy) and volume exposed to EQ

 

Chapter 5 Reduction of exposure, Contamination and Decontamination 

5-1 Introduction

5-2 Distribution of EQ sources and their removal

5-3 External and internal exposures

5-4 Reduction of exposure to a human body

5-5 Resilience

5-5-1 Where and how large area are damaged or influence by EQ exposure.

5-5-2 Recovery of damages and resilience

5-5 Short-term and long-term exposure

 

Chapter 6 Detection and measurement of EQ 

6-1 Introduction

6-2 Determination of type, intensity and energy of EQ 

6-2-1 Measurements of intensities

6-2-2 Accuracy of intensity measurements

6-2-3 Measurements of EQ energy

6-2-4 Calorimetry

6-2-5 Intensity (radio activity) of EQ source

6-3 Absorbed dose measurement

6-4 Visualization of EQ source distribution

6-5 Absorbed dose equivalent -accuracy and assessment of effects of EQ exposure-  

6-5-1 Consideration of exposed dose equivalent (Sv) to use for the assessment of the effects of EQ exposure 

6-5-2 Accuracy and number of significant figures in EQ measurements

 

Chapter 7 Utilization of EQ 

7-1 Introduction

7-2 Sterilization or disinfection

7-3 Medical purposes

7-4 Utilization of EQ energy

7-5 Radiometric dating (¹⁴C dating)

7-5 Use of radioisotopes as tracers

 

Chapter 8 Energy and the History of the Earth 

8-1 Introduction

8-2 Changes in the global environment

8-3 Development and Evolution of Life

 

Chapter 9 Energy use and radiation

9-1 Introduction

9-2 Sources of energy

9-3 There's no energy to use for free

9-3 Fossil fuels are originally solar energy

9-4 Risks associated with energy use

 

Bibliography 

(a) Introductory

(b) Radiation and Radioactivity

(c) Radiation Biology

(d) Radiation Physics, Radiochemistry

(e) Radiation Measurements

(f) Radiation Hormesis

(g) Radiation Use

 

Appendix: Q and A relating radiation (EQ) 

Radiation is explained in a simple form of Q & A, which also serves as summary.

Q1: What is radioactivity?

Q2: What is radiation?

Q3: What is a radiation source?

Q4: Is light and radiation the same ?　

Q5: What are particles that carry energy?

Q6: What kind of particles and light (photons) are included in radiation (EQ)? 

Q7: How do EQ move? 

Q8: What does radiation exposure mean? 

Q9: What do following units related to EQ exposure mean and how they are different with each other? Count rates (cps, cpm, cph), Becquerel (Bq), Gray (Gy) and Siebert (Sv)

Q10: Is the exposure of 20 mSv dangerous?

Q11: Does the EQ exposure make objects (substances and/or living beings) radioactive?

Q12: Does a substance exposed to EQ glow?

Q13: What is internal and external exposures? What is the difference?

Q14: What happens on radioactive materials ingested into a body?