Understanding Grammatical Contrasts between English and Korean

1 Linguistic differences: Where do they come from?
1.1 Linguistic differences
1.2 Cultural differences
1.3 Why contrastive analyses?
1.4 What this book is about

2 Sounds and writing systems: How to speak and write
2.1 Introduction
2.2 English sound system
2.2.1 English consonants
2.2.2 English vowels
2.3 Korean alphabet ‘Hangul’ and Romanization
2.4 Korean sound systems
2.4.1 Korean consonants
2.4.2 Korean vowels
2.5 Syllable structures
2.5.1 English syllable structures
2.5.2 Korean syllable structures
2.6 Suprasegmental features
2.6.1 English suprasegmental features
2.6.2 Korean suprasegmental features
2.7 Contrastive notes
2.7.1 Voiced and voiceless consonants
2.7.2 Different vowel sets
2.7.3 Syllable and consonant clusters
2.7.4 Stress vs. nonstress
2.8 Conclusion

3 Words: Where every sentence begins
3.1 Introduction
3.2 English parts of speech
3.2.1 Nouns
3.2.2 Verbs: Main and auxiliary verbs
3.2.3 Adjectives
3.2.4 Adverbs
3.2.5 Determiners
3.2.6 Prepositions
3.2.7 Particles
3.2.8 Conjunctions
3.2.9 Complementizers
3.3 Korean parts of speech
3.3.1 Nominal
3.3.2 Adnominal
3.3.3 Verbal: Adjective and verb together
3.3.4 Main vs. auxiliary verbs
3.3.5 Adverbial
3.4 Expanding verbals and nominals
3.4.1 Verbal and nominal derivations and inflections in English
3.4.2 Verbal inflections in Korean
3.4.3 Nominal derivations in Korean
3.5 Contrastive notes
3.5.1 Different sets of lexical categories
3.5.2 Simple vs. rich verbal inflection system
3.5.3 Simple vs. rich nominal inflections
3.6 Conclusion

4 Phrases: Combining words and building larger expressions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Main phrases in English
4.2.1 NPs
4.2.2 VPs
4.2.3 APs
4.2.4 AdvPs
4.2.5 PPs
4.2.6 CPs and Subordinating phrases
4.3 Phrases in Korean
4.3.1 Nominal Phrases
4.3.2 Verbal Phrases
4.3.3 Adverbial Phrases
4.4 Complex phrases: Expanding the size of phrases
4.5 Contrastive notes
4.5.1 NPs vs. Nominal Phrases
4.5.2 VPs and Verbal Phrases
4.5.3 Adnominal Phrases
4.5.4 Prepositions and case marking
4.6 Conclusion

5 Grammar rules: Constructing sentences
5.1 Form and function
5.2 Grammatical functions: Head, subject, complement, modifier, and specifier
5.3 Mapping between grammatical function and form
5.4 English grammar rules
5.4.1 Grammar rules
5.4.2 Licensing basic English sentences
5.5 Korean grammar rules
5.5.1 Grammar rules
5.5.2 Licensing simple sentences
5.5.3 Grammar rule for auxiliary constructions
5.6 Contrastive notes
5.6.1 SVO vs. SOV
5.6.2 Head-initial vs. Head-final
5.6.3 Fixed vs. free word order
5.6.4 Pro-Drop languages
5.6.5 Complement omission

6 Tense and aspect: Describing when and how a situation happened
6.1 Ways to describe an event
6.2 How to describe an event in English
6.2.1 Tense and verb inflection form
6.2.2 Aspects: Ongoing and completion
6.2.3 Situation types
6.2.4 Sentence types and mood
6.3 How to describe an event in Korean
6.3.1 Tense in Korean
6.3.2 Aspect in Korean
6.3.3 Situation types in Korean
6.3.4 Sentence types and mood in Korean
6.4 Contrastive notes
6.4.1 Tense
6.4.2 Aspect
6.4.3 Sentence types and mood
6.5 Conclusion

7 Auxiliary systems: Helping main verbs
7.1 Introduction
7.2 English auxiliary system
7.2.1 Modals
7.2.2 Aspectual verbs: be and have
7.2.3 Periphrastic do
7.2.4 Infinitival clause marker to
7.2.5 Auxiliary and negation
7.3 Korean auxiliary system
7.3.1 Types of auxiliary verbs and morphosyntactic properties
7.3.2 Complex predicate formation
7.3.3 Syntactic formation as a complex predicate
7.3.4 Auxiliary and negation
7.4 Contrastive notes
7.5 Conclusion

8 Passive: Performing an action or affected
8.1 Introduction
8.2 English passive constructions
8.2.1 Canonical passive
8.2.2 Prepositional passive
8.2.3 Semantic and pragmatic constraints
8.2.4 Other types: Adjectival and get-passive
8.3 Korean passive constructions
8.3.1 Introduction
8.3.2 Syntactic passive
8.3.3 Light-Verb pseudo syntactic passive
8.3.4 Inchoative and stative pseudo syntactic passive
8.4 Contrastive notes
8.5 Conclusion

9 Interrogative constructions: Asking a question
9.1 Clausal types and interrogatives
9.2 English interrogatives
9.2.1 Yes-No questions and answering system
9.2.2 Tag questions
9.2.3 Alternative questions
9.2.4 Declarative questions
9.2.5 Direct wh-Questions and syntactic structures
9.2.6 Indirect wh-Questions
9.2.7 Infinitival wh-Questions
9.2.8 Multiple wh-Questions
9.3 Korean interrogatives
9.3.1 Yes-No question and response particles
9.3.2 Wh-questions
9.3.3 Indirect questions
9.3.4 Multiple wh-expressions
9.3.5 Questions with a different illocutionary force
9.4 Contrastive notes
9.5 Conclusion

10 Relative clauses: Building bigger nominal expressions
10.1 Modifying an NP
10.2 Relative clauses in English
10.2.1 Wh-relative clauses
10.2.2 Wh- vs. that-relative clause
10.2.3 Reduced relative clause
10.2.4 Restrictive vs. non-restrictive relative clauses
10.2.5 Finite vs. infinitival relative clause
10.3 Relative clauses in Korean
10.3.1 Complex NPs
10.3.2 Canonical relative clauses
10.3.3 Internally headed relative clause
10.3.4 Pseudo-relative clause
10.4 Contrastive notes
10.5 Conclusion

11 Topic and focus: Specifying given and new information
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Topic constructions in English
11.3 Topic constructions in Korean
11.3.1 General properties and semantic classifications
11.3.2 Syntactic classifications of Korean topic constructions and structures
11.3.3 Other types of topic constructions: Syntactic distinctions
11.4 Focus constructions in English
11.4.1 General properties
11.4.2 Cleft constructions in English
11.4.3 Syntactic structures of the cleft constructions in English
11.5 Focus constructions in Korean
11.5.1 General properties
11.5.2 Cleft constructions in Korean
11.5.3 Multiple nominative focus construction
11.6 Contrastive notes
11.7 Conclusion

12 Comparative constructions: Comparing two things and situations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 English comparatives
12.2.1 Clausal and phrasal comparatives
12.2.2 Coordination vs. Subordination properties
12.2.3 Comparative deletion and ellipsis
12.2.4 Other comparative types
12.3 Korean comparatives
12.3.1 General properties
12.3.2 Syntax of the comparative constructions
12.3.3 Context-dependent comparison
12.3.4 More on phrasal and clausal comparatives
12.4 Contrastive notes
12.5 Conclusion

13 Agreement: Harmonizing together
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Agreement in English
13.2.1 Agreement features in English
13.2.2 Determiner-Head agreement
13.2.3 Pronoun-antecedent agreement
13.2.4 Subject-verb agreement: Morphosyntactic
13.2.5 Subject-verb agreement: Index agreement features
13.2.6 Partitive NPs and agreement
13.3 Agreement in Korean
13.3.1 Subject-verb agreement
13.3.2 Addressee agreement
13.3.3 Multiple honorification
13.3.4 Agreement in auxiliary constructions
13.4 Contrastive notes
13.5 Conclusion

14 Figurative languages and metaphors: those we live by
14.1 Literal vs. figurative uses in English
14.2 Metaphors in English
14.2.1 Conceptual metaphors in English
14.2.2 Structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors in English
14.3 Figurative speech in Korean
14.4 Metaphors in Korean
14.4.1 Conceptual metaphors in Korean
14.4.2 Structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors in Korean
14.5 Contrastive notes
14.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index