헝가리어 어휘와 조어법

머리말_5

제1부 서론(bevezetés) ································································································ 19

1. 어휘와 어휘체계 ·················································································································· 21

2. 헝가리어의 기원과 어휘 구성 ······················································································ 22

3. 언어의 자의성과 조어법 ································································································· 24

제2부 헝가리어의 어휘체계(A magyar nyelv szókészlete) ····· 27

1. 원시어휘(Az ősi örökség) ····························································································· 29

2. 차용어(kölcsönszavak) ································································································ 32
2.1. 이란어 차용어 ·············································································································· 33
2.2. 터키어 차용어 ·············································································································· 33
2.3. 슬라브어 차용어 ········································································································· 34
2.4. 독일어 차용어 ·············································································································· 36
2.5. 라틴어 차용어 ·············································································································· 37
2.6. 이탈리아어 차용어 ···································································································· 38
2.7. 프랑스어 차용어 ········································································································· 39
2.8. 루마니아어 차용어 ···································································································· 39
2.9. 국제적 유랑어휘 ········································································································· 40

3. 헝가리어 고유어휘(belső keletkezésű szavak) ················································ 42

3.1. 헝가리어 의성어와 의태어 ···················································································· 45
3.1.1. 감탄사(indulatszavak)에서 만들어진 의성어 ············································· 46
3.1.2. 소리에서 만들어진 단어: 의성어(hangutánzó szavak) ··························· 47
3.1.2.1. 의성동사 ··········································································································· 47
3.1.2.2. 의성명사 ·········································································································· 48
3.1.3. 의태어(hangfestő szavak) ················································································ 50
3.1.3.1. 의태어의 음성적, 형태적 특징 ···································································· 51
3.1.3.2. 의태어의 의미 ·································································································· 52

3.2. 근대 헝가리어 언어개혁(nyelvújítás) 시대의 고유어휘 ······························ 54
제3부 헝가리어 조어법(szóalkotás) ······························································· 61

1. 조어법(szóalkotás)이란 무엇인가? ········································································· 63

2. 단어와 조어법 ······················································································································· 64

3. 파생법(szóképzés) ············································································································ 66
3.1. 어기(alapszó) ·············································································································· 69
3.2. 파생접사(képzők) ······································································································ 72
3.2.1. 파생접사의 분류 ·································································································· 72
3.2.2. 파생접사의 의미 ··································································································· 73
3.2.3. 파생접사의 형태 ·································································································· 77
3.2.4. 연속파생(képzők halmozása) ······································································· 79
3.2.5. 파생접사의 생산성(produktivitás)과 빈도(gyakoriság) ························· 81
3.2.6. 파생접사의 형성과 소멸 ····················································································· 84
3.2.6.1. 파생접사의 형성 ······························································································ 84
3.2.6.2. 파생접사의 소멸 ····························································································· 89

4. 헝가리어의 파생접사 ······································································································· 89
4.1. 동사 파생접사 ·············································································································· 90
4.1.1. 동사에서 동사 파생접사(deverbális verbumképzők): V → V ··············· 90
4.1.1.1. 반복동작 파생접사 ························································································ 91
4.1.1.2. 순간동작 파생접사 ····················································································· 101
4.1.1.3. 사동사 파생접사 ·························································································· 106
4.1.1.4. 피동의 파생접사 ·························································································· 111
4.1.1.5. 중간동사(mediális igék) 파생접사 ······················································· 111
4.1.1.6. 가능동사 파생접사 ····················································································· 116
4.1.2. 명사에서 동사 파생접사(denominális verbumképzők): N → V ······ 118
4.1.2.1. 동작동사 파생접사 ····················································································· 118
4.1.2.2. 사동사 파생접사 ·························································································· 124
4.1.2.3. 중간동사 파생접사 ····················································································· 126
4.1.2.4. 외래어 동사 파생접사 ··············································································· 129
4.2. 명사 파생접사 ·········································································································· 129
4.2.1. 동사에서 명사 파생접사(deverbális nomenképzők) ··························· 130
4.2.1.1. 동작, 사건의 추상개념 파생접사 ····························································· 130
4.2.1.2. 동작, 사건의 결과개념 파생접사 ····························································· 135
4.2.1.3. 동작의 주체, 장소개념 파생접사 ····························································· 142
4.2.2.1. 축소와 애칭의 명사 파생접사 ·································································· 145
4.2.2.2. 형용사(mellénév)에서 명사 파생접사 ·················································· 148
4.2.2.3. 실명사(fonév)에서 명사 파생접사 ························································· 149
4.2.3. 형용사 파생접사 ······························································································· 153
4.2.3.1. 동사에서 형용사 파생접사: V → Adj ····················································· 154
4.2.3.2. 품사전성(konverzió) 형용사 ································································· 157
4.2.3.3. 명사에서 형용사 파생접사: N → Adj ····················································· 160
4.2.3.4. 부정과 부재(tagadó, fosztó)의 형용사 파생접사 ······························ 165
4.2.3.5. 형용사에서 형용사 파생접사 ··································································· 170
4.2.3.6. 부사에서 형용사 파생: Adv → Adj ························································· 171
4.2.3.7. 복합 형용사 파생접사 ················································································ 172
4.2.3.8. 합성어의 뒷성분과 유사한 형용사 파생접사 ········································ 173
4.2.4. 수사 파생접사 ···································································································· 175

5. 합성법(sz砦sszetételek) ··························································································· 176
5.1. 합성법의 개념과 일반적 특징 ············································································ 176
5.1.1. 합성어의 구조 ···································································································· 176
5.1.2. 다중 합성어의 구조 ·························································································· 178
5.1.3. 합성어의 품사 ···································································································· 179
5.1.4. 합성어의 의미 ···································································································· 180
5.1.5. 합성어의 강세 ···································································································· 181
5.1.6. 합성법과 파생법의 경계 ················································································· 181
5.2. 합성법의 종류 ·········································································································· 183
5.2.1. 문장 내적 합성법 ······························································································ 183
5.2.2. 문장 외적 합성법 ······························································································ 186
5.3. 합성어의 세부분석 ································································································ 187
5.3.1. 합성동사 ··········································································································· 187
5.3.2. 합성명사 ············································································································· 189
5.3.3. 합성형용사 ········································································································ 195
5.3.4. 합성부사 ············································································································ 198
5.3.5. 병렬 합성어 ········································································································ 200
5.3.5.1. 반복 합성어 ·································································································· 202
5.3.5.2. 쌍둥이 합성어 ······························································································ 203
5.3.5.3. 유사 쌍둥이 합성어 ···················································································· 205
5.3.6. 합성어 표기의 문제 ·························································································· 206

6. 그 밖의 조어법 ················································································································· 207
6.1. 단어분해법(szóelvonás) 또는 역파생법(back-formation) ·················· 208
6.2. 단어분화법(szóhasadás) ·················································································· 210
6.3. 단어절단법(szócsonkítás) ················································································ 213
6.4. 단어축약(szórövidülés) ······················································································ 214
6.5. 문법접사 결합법 ····································································································· 215
6.6. 모자이크어(mozaikszók) ···················································································· 216
6.7. 단어혼합(szóvegyülés) ······················································································· 217
6.8. 민간어원(népetimológia, Folk Etymology) ·············································· 217

7. 현대 헝가리어 신조어의 양상 ·················································································· 218
7.1. 파생법(szóképzés) ································································································ 218
7.2. 합성법(sz砦sszetétel) ························································································· 221

참고문헌_227

헝가리어 파생접사 찾아보기_233