근골격계 치료를 위한 보톡스 주사

1. 서론 Introduction
보톡스(Botulinum toxin)를 이용한 치료   
허가사항 및 임상적 적응증
허가외 사용(Off-label use)   

2. 팔 Upper Limb
팔이음뼈의 근육(Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle)
등세모근 오름부분(Trapezius muscle, ascending part)
등세모근 가로부분(Trapezius muscle, transverse prat)
등세모근 내림부분(Trapezius muscle, descending part)
큰마름근(Rhomboid major muscle)
작은마름근(Rhomboid minor muscle)
앞톱니근(Serratus anterior muscle)
큰가슴근(Pectoralis major muscle)
작은가슴근(Pectoralis minor muscle)
어깨밑근(Subscapularis muscle)
어깨관절의 근육(Muscles of the Shoulder Joint)
어깨세모근(Deltoid muscle)
가시위근(Supraspinatus muscle)
가시아래근(Infraspinatus muscle)
작은원근(Teres minor muscle)
넓은등근(Latissimus dorsi muscle)
큰원근(Teres major muscle)
팔꿉관절의 근육(Muscles of the Elbow Joint)
위팔두갈래근(Biceps brachii muscle)
위팔근(Brachialis muscle)
위팔노근(Brachioradialis muscle)
위팔세갈래근(Triceps brachii muscle)
손뒤침근(Supinator muscle)
원엎침근(Pronator teres muscle)
손목관절의 근육(Muscles of the Wrist Joint)
네모엎침근(Pronator quadratus muscle)
긴노쪽손목폄근(Extersor carpi radialis longus muscle)과 짧은노쪽손목폄근(Extersor carpi radialis brevis muscle)
자쪽손목폄근(Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle)
노쪽손목굽힘근(Flexor carpi radialis muscle)
긴손바닥근(Palmaris longus muscle)
자쪽손목굽힘근(Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle)
손가락관절의 근육(Muscles of the Finger Joints)
손가락폄근(Extensor digitorum muscle)
집게폄근(Extensor indicis muscle)
새끼폄근(Extensor digiti minimi muscle)
짧은엄지폄근(Extensor pollicis brevis muscle)
긴엄지폄근(Extensor pollicis longus muscle)
첫째-넷째 벌래근(Lumbrical muscle)
얕은손가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle)
깊은손가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum profundus muscle)
짧은새끼굽힘근(Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle)
긴엄지굽힘근(Flexor pollicis longus muscle)
긴엄지벌림근(Abductor pollicis longus muscle)
짧은엄지벌림근(Abductor pollicis brevis muscle)
새끼벌림근(Abductor digiti minimi muscle)
첫째-넷째 등쪽뼈사이근(Dorsal interosseous muscle)
첫째-넷째 바닥쪽뼈사이근(Palmar interosseous muscle)
엄지모음근(Adductor pollicis muscle)
짧은엄지굽힘근(Flexor pollicis brevis muscle)
엄지맞섬근(Opponens pollicis muscle)
새끼맞섬근(Opponens digiti minimi muscle)
짧은손바닥근(Palmaris brevis muscle)

3. 다리 Lower Limb
엉덩관절에 작용하는 근육(Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint)
큰볼기근(Gluteus maximus muscle)
궁둥구멍근(Piriformis muscle)
엉덩허리근(iliopsoas muscle)
넙다리빗근(Sartorius muscle)
중간볼기근(Gluteus medius muscle)
작은볼기근(Gluteus minimus muscle)
넙다리근막긴장근(Tensor fasciae latae muscle)
두덩근(Pectineus muscle)
긴모음근(Adductor longus muscle)
짧은모음근(Adductor brevis muscle)
두덩정강근(Gracilis muscle)
큰모음근(Adductor magnus muscle)
무릎관절에 작용하는 근육(Muscles Acting on the Knee Joint)
넙다리네갈래근(Quadriceps femoris)
넙다리곧은근(Rectus femoris muscle)
안쪽넓은근(Vastus medialis muscle)
중간넓은근(Vastus intermedius muscle)
가쪽넓은근(Vastus lateralis muscle)
넙다리뒤근육(Hamstrings)
넙다리두갈래근(Biceps femoris muscle)
반막근(Semimembranosus muscle)
반힘줄근(Semitendinosus muscle)
발목관절에 작용하는 근육(Muscles Acting on the Ankle Joints)
장딴지근(Gastrocnemius muscle)
가자미근(Soleus muscle)
뒤정강근(Tibialis posterior muscle)
앞정강근(Tibialis anterior muscle)
긴종아리근(Peroneus longus muscle, Fibularis longus)
발가락관절에 작용하는 근육(Muscles Acting on the Toe Joints)
짧은발가락폄근(Extensor digitorum brevis muscle)과 짧은엄지폄근(Extensor hallucis brevis muscle)
긴엄지폄근(Extensor hallucis longus muscle)
긴발가락폄근(Extensor digitorum longus muscle)
짧은엄지굽힘근(Flexor hallucis brevis muscle)
긴엄지굽힘근(Flexor hallucis longus muscle)
짧은발가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum brevis muscle)
긴발가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum longus muscle)
발바닥네모근(Quadratus plantae muscle)
짧은새끼굽힘근(Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle)
등쪽뼈사이근(Dorsal interossei muscle, 1-4)
엄지벌림근(Abductor hallucis muscle)
새끼벌림근(Abductor digiti minimi muscle)
엄지모음근(Adductor hallucis muscle)
바닥쪽뼈사이근(Plantar interossei muscle, 1-3)
벌레근(Lumbrical muscle, 1-4)

4. 몸통 Trunk
배벽의 근육들(Muscles of the Abdominal Wall)
배곧은근(Rectus abdominis muscle)
배속빗근(Internal abdominal oblique muscle)
배바깥빗근(External abdominal oblique muscle)
배가로근(Transversus abdominis muscle)

5. 목 Neck
앞목부위의 근육(Anterior Cervical Muscles)
넓은목근(Platysma muscle)
목빗근(Sternocleidomastoid muscle)
목갈비근(Scalene muscle): 앞, 중간, 뒤목갈비근(Anterior, middle, posterior scalene)
뒤목부위의 근육(Posterior Cervical Muscles)
머리반가시근(Semispinalis capitis muscle)
목반가시근(Semispinalis cervicis muscle)
머리널판근(Splenius capitis muscle)
목널판근(Splenius cervicis muscle)
머리가장긴근(Longissimus capitis muscle)
머리긴근(Longus capitis)과 목긴근(Longus colli(cervicis) muscle)
아래머리빗근(Obliquus capitis inferior muscle)
목 부위 근육긴장이상(Cervical Dystonia)
어깨올림근(Levator scapulae muscle)
목(collis)과 머리(capitis) 상태

6. 후두 Larynx
연축성 발성장애(Spasmodic Dysphonia)

7. 머리 Head
얼굴근육(Facial Muscles)
머리덮개근, 이마힘살(Epicranius muscle, frontal belly)
눈썹주름근(Corrugator supercilii muscle)
눈살근(Procerus muscle)
눈둘레근(Orbicularis oculi muscle)
눈꺼풀올림근(Levator palpebrae superioris muscle)
코근(Nasalis muscle)
윗입술콧방울올림근(Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle)
윗입술올림근(Levator labii superioris muscle)
큰광대근 및 작은광대근(Zygomaticus major and minor muscles)
입꼬리당김근(Risorius muscle)
입꼬리올림근(Levator anguli oris muscle)
입둘레근 모서리부분(Orbicularis oris muscle, marginal part)
입둘레근 입술부분(Orbicularis oris muscle, labial part)
입꼬리내림근(Depressor anguli oris muscle)
턱끝근(Mentalis muscle)
씹기근육(Muscles of Mastication)
관자근(Temporalis muscle)
깨물근(Masseter muscle)
안쪽날개근(Medial pterygoid muscle)
가쪽날개근(Lateral pterygoid muscle)
혀근육(Muscles of the Tongue)
혀-자체기원근육(Tongue-Intrinsic muscles)
혀-자체기원근육 작용(Tongue-Intrinsic muscles-Action)
안구근육(Extra-Ocular Muscles of the Eyeball)
안쪽곧은근(Medial rectus muscle)
가쪽곧은근(Lateral rectus muscle)

8. 골반가로막 Pelvic Floor
골반가로막 근육들(Muscles of the Pelvic Floor)
바깥항문조임근(External anal sphincter muscle)
두덩곧창자근(Puborectalis muscle)

9. 식물인간 상태에서의 적응증 Vegetative Indications
침분비과다증(Sialorrhoea)
귀밑샘 및 턱밑샘(Parotid and submandibular glands)
눈물분비과다증(Hyperlacrimation)
눈물샘(Lacrymal gland)
식도이완불능증(Achalasia)
식도(Esophagus)
과민성 방광(Overactive Bladder)
과민성 방광(Detrusor muscle of the bladder)
땀과다증(Hyperhidrosis)
땀샘(Sweat gland)