2021 Master 행정학 - 전2권

[2021 Master 행정학 이론편]

PART 01 행정학의 기초이론
Chapter 01 행정의 기초이론
제1절 행정의 본질 ·······················································································2
01. 행정의 의의 / 2 02. 행정법학적 행정개념 / 3
03. 행정학적 행정개념 / 4 04. 행정학의 패러다임 / 8
05. 정치와 행정의 관계 / 10 06. 행정(공행정)과 경영(사행정) / 12
제2절 행정기능 ··························································································14
01. 행정기능의 의의 / 14 02. 행정기능의 변천 / 15
03. 현대 행정기능의 유형 / 15
제3절 행정의 특징 ····················································································17
01. 국가의 변천 / 17 02. 근대 행정과 현대 행정의 비교 / 21
제4절 행정과정과 변수 ············································································22
01. 행정과정 / 22 02. 행정의 구성변수 / 24
제5절 행정수요 ··························································································25
01. 행정수요의 의의 / 25
02. 현대 행정수요의 특징과 행정수요의 변동요인 / 26
제6절 새로운 행정환경과 행정의 과제 ·················································27
Chapter 02 자원배분의 주체
제1절 정부와 시장 ·····················································································28
01. 시장의 실패 / 28 02. 정부기능 강화(정부규제) / 33
03. 정부팽창 / 63 04. 정부실패 / 65
05. 시장기능 강화(민영화, 감축관리) / 67
06. 공공서비스의 제공방법 / 72
제2절 제3섹터 ····························································································73
01. 제3섹터(중간조직)의 개념 / 73 02. 제3섹터의 범위와 유형 / 74
02. 제3섹터(특히, 민자유치)의 장점 및 단점 / 79
Chapter 03 행정가치?문화론
제1절 행정가치 ···························································································83
01. 행정가치의 이론적 기초 / 83 02. 공익(포괄적 행정이념) / 87
03. 행정이념 / 91
제2절 행정문화 ························································································102
01. 행정문화의 의의 / 102
02. 선진국의 행정문화와 개발도상국의 행정문화 / 104
03. 행정문화의 쇄신전략 / 105
Chapter 04 행정책임?통제론
제1절 행정책임 ·························································································106
01. 행정책임의 의의 / 106 02. 행정책임의 특성 및 필요성 / 106
03. 행정책임의 기준 / 107 04. 행정책임의 종류와 유형 / 107
제2절 행정통제 ············································································109
01. 행정통제 / 109 02. 시민참여(행정참여) / 120
03. 정보공개 / 122
Chapter 05 행정학 이론
제1절 행정학의 학문적 성격 ·································································125
01. 행정학의 학문적 성격 / 125 02. 정체성(identity)의 위기 / 126
제2절 행정학의 성립과 발달 ·································································127
01. 행정학의 기원과 발달 / 127
02. 독일 행정학：관방학과 Stein 행정학의 발달 / 127
03. 미국 행정학의 성립배경 / 128
제3절 행정학의 접근방법 ······································································129
01. 역사적 접근방법(정치학적 접근법) / 129
02. 법률?제도적 접근방법 / 130 03. 관리?기능적 접근방법 / 130
04. 행태론적 접근법(행태주의) / 131 05. 현상학적 접근법 / 134
06. 생태론적 접근법 / 135 07. 체제론적 접근법 / 138
08. 공공선택이론 / 140 09. 신제도주의적 접근방법 / 146
10. 행정학의 연구기준에 따른 방법 / 150
제4절 행정이론의 발달 ··········································································152
01. 과학적 관리론 / 152 02. 인간관계론 / 154
03. 비교행정론 / 156 04. 발전행정론 / 158
05. 신행정론 / 163 06. 신공공관리론 / 166
07. 뉴거버넌스(신국정관리론, New Governance) / 173
08. 신공공서비스론(Denhardt) / 177 09. 포스트모더니즘 / 179

PART 02 정책론
Chapter 01 정책일반론
제1절 정책학 ·····························································································184
01. 정책연구의 필요성 / 184 02. 정책학의 의의 / 184
03. 정책학의 학문적 특성 / 185
제2절 정책의 기본개념 ···········································································186
01. 정책의 개념 / 186 02. 정책의 성격 / 186
03. 정책의 유형 / 187
제3절 정책의 구성요소 ··········································································192
01. 정책목표 / 192 02. 정책수단 / 192
03. 정책대상집단 / 194
제4절 정책연구의 접근방법(정책은 누가 주도하는가?) ·················196
01. 마르크스주의 이론 / 196 02. 엘리트이론 / 196
03. 다원주의 이론 / 197
04. 신다원주의(Neo Pluralism；Dunleavy) / 198
05. Policy Network theory / 199 06. 조합주의 이론(Schumitter) / 200
제5절 정책과정의 참여자 ······································································202
01. 정책과정의 참여자 / 202 02. 대통령 / 202
03. 의 회 / 202 04. 행정기관(행정관료) / 203
05. 사법부 / 203 06. 정 당 / 203
07. 이익집단 / 204 08. 전문가집단(정책공동체) / 205
09. 시민참여 / 205
제6절 정책과정 ························································································205
01. 정책과정의 의의 / 205 02. 정책과정의 일반적 단계 / 206
03. 정책과정의 성격 / 207
Chapter 02 정책의제설정론
제1절 정책의제설정일반 ·········································································208
01. 정책의제설정의 의의 / 208
02. 정책의제설정의 일반적 과정(Robert Eyestone) / 208
03. 주도집단에 따른 정책의제설정과정(Cobb, Ross & Ross) / 209
04. 정책의제설정을 좌우하는 요인 / 212
제2절 무의사결정 ····················································································213
01. 무의사결정의 의의 / 213 02. 무의사결정의 발생원인 / 214
03. 무의사결정의 수단 / 214 04. 정책과정과 무의사결정 / 215
Chapter 03 정책분석론
01. 정책분석 / 216
02. 체제분석(SA；System Analysis) / 217
03. 관리과학(Management science) / 222
04. 정책분석의 오류 / 226
Chapter 04 정책결정론
제1절 정책결정의 일반이론 ···································································227
01. 정책결정의 의의 / 227 02. 정책결정의 일반적 단계 / 227
03. 정책결정의 성격 / 228 04. 정책결정방법 / 228
05. 분석적 정책결정의 한계：(합리적) 정책분석의 제약요인 / 228
제2절 정책결정의 일반적 과정 ·····························································230
01. 정책문제의 정의 / 230 02. 정책목표의 설정 / 232
03. 정책대안의 탐색과 개발 / 232 04. 정책대안의 결과예측 / 233
05. 정책대안의 비교?평가(정책분석의 기준) / 234
06. 최선의 정책대안의 선택 / 236
제3절 정책결정모형 ················································································236
01. 합리모형 / 236 02. 만족모형 / 238
03. 점증모형 / 239
04. 혼합탐사모형(합리모형＋점증모형) / 241
05. 최적모형 / 241 06. 회사모형(타협모형, 연합모형) / 243
07. 쓰레기통모형 / 244 08. Allison 모형 / 245
09. 사이버네틱스모형 / 246
Chapter 05 정책집행론
제1절 정책집행의 일반이론 ···································································250
01. 정책집행의 의의 / 250 02. 정책집행의 유형 / 250
03. 정책집행론의 전개 / 251
04. 효과적 정책집행을 위한 조건 및 전략 / 254
제2절 정책집행론의 접근방법 ·······························································255
01. 하향적?전방향적 접근방법(Forward Mapping) / 256
02. 상향적?후방향적 접근방법(Backward Mapping) / 256
03. 통합모형 / 258
제3절 정책집행상의 순응과 불응 ·························································259
01. 정책집행상의 순응과 불응의 의의 / 259
02. 불응의 원인 / 259 03. 순응을 좌우하는 요인 / 259
04. 순응의 확보방안 / 260
Chapter 06 정책평가론
제1절 정책평가일반 ·················································································262
01. 정책평가의 의의와 중요성 / 262 02. 정책평가의 유형 / 262
03. 정책평가의 과제(새행정학) / 265 04. 정책평가의 일반적 절차 / 270
05. 정책평가의 타당도 / 270 06. 정책평가의 방법 / 275
제2절 사회지표 ························································································276
01. 사회지표의 의의 / 276 02. 사회지표의 성격 / 276
03. 사회지표의 유형 / 277 04. 우리나라 사회지표와 문제점 / 277
Chapter 07 정책변동론
01. 정책변동의 의의 / 278 02. 정책변동의 유형 / 278
03. 정책변동의 원인 / 279 04. 정책변동모형(권기헌) / 280
05. 점증주의적 정책변동과 비점증주의적 정책변동 / 282
Chapter 08 기획론
01. 기획의 의의 / 284 02. 기획이론의 변천 / 285
03. 기획의 원칙과 과정 / 285 04. 기획의 유형 / 288
05. 기획의 제약요인(한계) / 290 06. 미래예측기법 / 291

PART 03 조직론
Chapter 01 조직의 기초이론
제1절 조직의 의의와 유형 ·····································································296
01. 조직의 의의 / 296 02. 조직의 유형 / 297
제2절 조직이론의 분류 ···········································································300
01. Dwight Waldo의 분류 / 300 02. Scott의 분류 / 301
Chapter 02 조직일반이론
제1절 조직과 구조 ···················································································307
01. 의 의 / 307
02. 구조형성의 원리(조직의 여러 가지 원리) / 312
03. 조직의 원리에 대한 비판 / 316
04. 조직구조의 조정기제(새행정학) / 316
05. 관료제론 / 317 06. 현대적 조직구조 / 322
07. 공식조직과 비공식조직 / 328 08. 계선과 막료 / 331
09. 위원회 / 333
제2절 조직과 인간 ··················································································336
01. 조직과 개인의 상호작용 / 336
02. 인간관과 조직관리전략(Edgar Schein의 복잡한 인간모형) / 336
03. 개인의 조직에 대한 적응모형 / 337
04. 동기부여이론 / 338
제3절 조직과 환경 ··················································································353
01. 조직환경의 의의 / 353 02. 조직과 환경의 상호관계 / 353
03. 조직의 환경에 대한 전략 / 355 04. 조직환경이론(거시조직이론) / 357
제4절 조직과 목표 ··················································································364
01. 조직목표의 의의 / 364 02. 조직목표의 유형 / 365
03. 조직목표의 수 / 367 04. 조직목표의 변동 / 367
05. 조직목표와 개인목표 / 368
06. 목표에 의한 관리(목표관리제；MBO) / 368
07. 조직의 효과성 / 371
제5절 조직과 기술 ··················································································373
01. 기술과 조직의 관계 / 373
02. 기술과 조직구조에 관한 연구모형 / 373
제6절 조직과 관리 ··················································································376
01. 조직관리의 의의 / 376 02. 의사전달 / 376
03. 리더십(Leadership) / 380 04. 조정(Coordination) / 390
05. 행정 PR(Public Relations) / 391 06. 권 위 / 393
07. 갈등관리 / 395
08. 전략적 관리(Strategic Management) / 399
09. 사무관리(Office Management) / 401
Chapter 03 조직혁신
제1절 조직혁신(OI) ··················································································403
01. 조직혁신의 의의 / 403 02. 조직혁신의 담당자와 과정 / 404
제2절 조직발전(OD) ················································································405
01. 조직발전의 의의 / 405 02. 조직발전의 내용 / 405
03. 조직발전의 기법 / 406
04. 조직발전의 성공조건과 문제점 / 407

PART 04 인사행정론
Chapter 01 인사행정의 기초이론
제1절 인사행정의 기초이론 ···································································410
01. 인사행정의 의의 / 410 02. 인사행정의 기본시각과 흐름 / 411
03. 엽관주의(Spoils systems) / 411 04. 실적주의(Merit system) / 413
05. 적극적 인사행정 / 417
06. 직업공무원제(Career civil service system) / 418
07. 대표관료제(Representative bureaucracy) / 419
08. 인적 자원관리(HRM；Human Resources Management) / 422
09. QWL(Quality of Working Life；직장생활의 질) / 423
제2절 중앙인사기관 ················································································423
01. 중앙인사기관의 의의 및 기능 / 423
02. 중앙인사기관의 성격 / 424
03. 우리나라의 인사기관 / 425
제3절 공직의 분류－공직구조의 형성 ·················································427
01. 공직의 분류 / 427 02. 개방형과 폐쇄형 / 433
03. 직위분류제와 계급제 / 434 04. 고위공무원단제도 / 438
Chapter 02 인사행정의 일반이론
제1절 공무원의 채용 ···············································································442
01. 채용의 의의 및 종류 / 442 02. 채용의 과정 / 442
제2절 공무원의 능력발전 ·······································································448
01. 공무원의 능력발전의 일반 / 448
02. 교육훈련 / 448
03. 경력발전제도(CDP；오석홍, 인사행정론) / 452
04. 근무성적평정(performance evaluation) / 453
05. 승진(promotion) / 459
06. 배치전환(전직, 전보, 파견) / 462
07. 제안제도 / 464
제3절 공무원의 사기 ··············································································464
01. 공무원의 사기의 일반 / 464
02. 공무원의 보수 / 466
03. 공무원의 연금제도(Civil service pension program) / 471
04. 공무원단체(Public employee organization) / 475
05. 고충처리 / 478
제4절 근무규율(통제) ·············································································479
01. 부정부패 / 479
02. 행정윤리 / 486
03. 정치적 중립(political neutrality) / 493
04. 공무원의 신분보장 / 494

PART 05 재무행정론
Chapter 01 재무행정의 기초이론
01. 재무행정의 의의 / 500 02. 예산의 의의 / 500
03. 예산의 원칙(budgetary principles) / 503
04. 예산결정이론(예산결정방법) / 506
Chapter 02 예산론
제1절 예산 관련법규 ···············································································510
01. 국가재정법 / 511 02. 국가회계법 / 519
03. 정부기업예산법 / 520
제2절 기간 귀속기준(거래의 인식시점) ··············································520
01. 현금주의 / 520 02. 발생주의 / 521
03. 채무부담주의 / 522 04. 수정발생주의 / 522
제3절 재무행정 관련 주요 기관 ···························································523
01. 중앙예산기관 / 523 02. 수입?지출총괄기관 / 524
03. 중앙은행 / 524
제4절 예산의 종류와 분류 ····································································524
01. 예산의 종류 / 524 02. 예산의 분류 / 531
제5절 계획(기획)과 예산 ·······································································534
01. 계획과 예산의 관계 / 534
02. 계획과 예산의 불일치 요인과 통합방안 / 534
Chapter 03 예산과정론
제1절 예산과정 일반 ···············································································536
01. 예산과정의 의의 / 536 02. 예산과정의 특징 및 내용 / 536
제2절 예산편성 ························································································537
01. 예산편성의 의의 / 537 02. 예산편성의 과정(절차) / 537
03. 예산편성의 형식 / 539
04. 예산확보를 위한 정치적 전략 및 병리현상(새행정학) / 540
05. 예산편성의 문제점과 개선방향 / 541
제3절 예산심의 ························································································542
01. 예산심의의 의의 / 542
02. 예산심의의 내용 및 변수－각국의 예산심의의 차이와 특성 / 542
03. 예산심의의 절차 / 543
04. 우리나라 예산심의의 문제점 / 544
제4절 예산집행 ························································································545
01. 예산집행의 의의 / 545 02. 예산의 집행통제(재정통제) / 545
03. 예산집행의 신축성 / 547
제5절 결 산 ······························································································552
01. 결산의 의의 / 552 02. 결산의 과정 / 553
03. 결산제도의 문제점과 개선방향 / 554
제6절 회계검사 ························································································554
01. 회계검사의 의의 / 554 02. 회계검사의 방법과 대상 / 555
03. 회계검사기관 / 556
04. 우리나라의 회계검사기관－감사원 / 556
Chapter 04 예산제도의 발달과 개혁
01. 예산제도의 발달 / 558
02. 품목별 예산제도(LIBS；Line Item Budgeting System) / 558
03. 성과주의 예산제도(PBS；Performance Budgeting System) / 559
04. 계획예산(PPBS；Planning Programming Budgeting System) / 560
05. 영기준예산(ZBB；Zero－Base Budgeting) / 563
06. 일몰법(SSL；Sunset Law) / 566
07. 자본예산(CBS；Capital Budgeting System) / 567
08. 정치관리형 예산제도(BPM；Budget for Political Management) / 568
09. 조세지출예산제도 / 569
10. 신성과주의 예산제도(결과지향적 예산제도;성과주의의 부활) / 569
11. 시민들의 예산참여(새행정학) / 572
12. 균형성과관리(균형성과기록표, BSC, Balanced Score Card) / 572
13. 구매행정 / 574

PART 06 행정개혁론
Chapter 01 행정개혁의 일반이론
제1절 행정개혁 ·························································································576
01. 행정개혁의 의의 / 576 02. 행정개혁의 과정 및 담당자 / 577
제2절 행정개혁의 접근방법 및 전략 ···················································578
01. 행정개혁의 접근방법 / 578 02. 행정개혁의 전략 / 579
제3절 행정개혁에 대한 저항과 극복방안 ···········································579
01. 행정개혁에 대한 저항의 원인 / 579
02. 행정개혁에 대한 저항의 극복방법 / 580
Chapter 02 각국의 행정개혁
01. OECD 국가의 정부혁신(OECD 백서) / 581
02. 미국의 행정개혁 / 581 03. 영국의 행정개혁 / 583
04. 뉴질랜드의 행정개혁 / 585

PART 07 정보지식론
Chapter 01 정보행정론
제1절 정보화 사회 ···················································································588
01. 정보화 사회의 의의 / 588 02. 정보화 사회의 특징과 영향 / 589
제2절 행정정보화와 전자정부 ·······························································593
01. 행정정보시스템 / 593 02. 전자정부(E－Government) / 595
03. 정보행정과 정보정책 / 602
04. 전자거버넌스와 전자민주주의(새행정학) / 607
Chapter 02 지식행정론
01. 지식 패러다임의 등장과 지식행정 / 609
02. 지식관리 / 610

PART 08 지방행정론
Chapter 01 지방행정의 기초이론
제1절 지방행정의 기초개념 ···································································612
01. 지방행정의 의의 / 612 02. 지방자치의 본질 / 613
03. 지방자치의 유형 / 615 04. 지방자치의 필요성 / 617
05. 중앙집권과 지방분권 / 617 06. 지방자치의 현대적 경향 / 620
제2절 행정자치권과 지방자치단체의 연관 ·········································623
01. 자치권 일반 / 623 02. 조 례 / 624
03. 규 칙 / 625 04. 지방자치단체의 기관 / 626
제3절 지방자치단체의 종류와 사무 ·····················································633
01. 지방자치단체의 종류 / 633 02. 지방자치단체의 계층구조 / 639
03. 지방자치단체의 기관구성형태 / 640
04. 국가와 지방자치단체의 기능배분 / 642
05. 지방자치단체의 사무 / 646 06. 광역행정 / 648
Chapter 02 지방재정일반
제1절 지방재정일반 ·················································································653
01. 지방재정의 의의와 특징 / 653 02. 지방수입의 분류 / 654
제2절 지방수입 ························································································655
01. 지방세 / 655 02. 세외수입 / 657
03. 지방채 / 658 04. 지방교부세 / 659
05. 국고보조금 / 660
06. 광역?지역발전특별회계(과거의 균형발전특별회계) / 662
07. 기타 지방재정제도 / 663
Chapter 03 지방행정의 통제?개혁
제1절 중앙통제 ·························································································673
01. 중앙통제의 의의 / 673 02. 중앙통제의 방식 / 673
03. 중앙통제의 현대적 경향 / 674 04. 우리나라의 중앙통제 / 674
제2절 주민통제 ························································································677
01. 주민의 의의 / 677 02. 주민통제 / 677
제3절 주민직접참정제도 ········································································678
01. 직접참정제도의 의의 / 678 02. 직접참정제도의 장?단점 / 678
03. 직접참정의 방법 / 679 04. 우리나라의 직접참정제도 / 679
제4절 지역이기주의 ················································································685
01. 지역이기주의의 의의 / 685 02. 지역이기주의의 형태 / 685
03. 지역이기주의의 발생원인과 극복방안 / 686
제5절 분쟁조정 ························································································687
제6절 정부 간 관계론(IGR；Inter-Governmental Relation) ······688
01. 중앙과 지방의 관계에 대한 시각(Dunleavy) / 688
02. 정부 간 관계모형 / 689 03. 도시행정 / 689

[2021 Master 행정학 문제편]

PART 01 행정학의 기초이론
Chapter 01 행정의 기초이론 ······································································· 2
Chapter 02 자원배분의 주체 ········································································5
Chapter 03 행정가치.문화론 ·····································································27
Chapter 04 행정책임.통제론 ·····································································39
Chapter 05 행정학 이론 ·············································································51

PART 02 정책론
Chapter 01 정책일반론 ················································································74
Chapter 02 정책의제설정론 ········································································85
Chapter 03 정책분석론 ···············································································92
Chapter 04 정책결정론 ···············································································98
Chapter 05 정책집행론 ·············································································111
Chapter 06 정책평가론 ·············································································117
Chapter 07 정책변동론 ··············································································124
Chapter 08 기획론 ····················································································125

PART 03 조직론
Chapter 01 조직의 기초이론 ·····································································130
Chapter 02 조직일반이론 ··········································································134
Chapter 03 조직혁신 ·················································································167

PART 04 인사행정론
Chapter 01 인사행정의 기초이론 ······························································170
Chapter 02 인사행정의 일반이론 ······························································182

PART 05 재무행정론
Chapter 01 재무행정의 기초이론 ······························································208
Chapter 02 예산론 ····················································································215
Chapter 03 예산과정론 ·············································································225
Chapter 04 예산제도의 발달과 개혁 ························································235

PART 06 행정개혁론
Chapter 01 행정개혁의 일반이론 ······························································248
Chapter 02 각국의 행정개혁 ·····································································250

PART 07 정보지식론
Chapter 01 정보행정론 ··············································································254
Chapter 02 지식행정론 ·············································································264

PART 08 지방행정론
Chapter 01 지방행정의 기초이론 ······························································268
Chapter 02 지방재정일반 ··········································································280
Chapter 03 지방행정의 통제?개혁 ··························································287

PART 09 최근기출문제 분석
01. 2015 국가직 9급 ·················································································300
02. 2015 사회복지직 9급 ··········································································308
03. 2015 서울시 9급 ·················································································314
04. 2015 지방직 9급 ·················································································321
05. 2015 국회사무처 8급 ··········································································328
06. 2015 국회사무처 9급 ··········································································339
07. 2015 국가직 7급 ·················································································346
08. 2015 서울시 7급 ·················································································353
09. 2015 지방직 7급 ·················································································360
10. 2016 사회복지직 9급 ··········································································369
11. 2016 지방직 9급 ··················································································377
12. 2016 국가직 9급 ··················································································385
13. 2016 서울시 9급 ··················································································392
14. 2016 서울시 7급 ··················································································399
15. 2016 국회사무처 8급 ···········································································407
16. 2016 교육행정직 9급 ···········································································419
17. 2016 지방직 7급 ··················································································428
18. 2017 사회복지직 ··················································································435
19. 2017 지방직 교육행정직 ······································································443
20. 2017 국가직 9급 ·················································································451
21. 2017 지방직 9급 ··················································································460
22. 2017 국회사무처 8급 ··········································································469
23. 2017 서울시 9급 ·················································································482
24. 2017 서울시 7급 ·················································································489
25. 2017 국가직 7급 ·················································································496
26. 2017 지방직 7급 ·················································································505
27. 2017 국가직 추가 9급 ·········································································514
28. 2017 국가직 추가 7급 ········································································523
29. 2018 교육행정직 9급 ··········································································530
30. 2018 국가직 9급 ·················································································539
31. 2018 국회사무처 8급 ·········································································549
32. 2018 서울시 9급 ·················································································559
33. 2018 서울시 전반기 7급 ·····································································569
34. 2018 지방직 9급 ·················································································577
35. 2018 지방직 9급 추가 ········································································584
36. 2018 서울시 하반기 7급 ·····································································593
37. 2018년 국가직 7급 ··············································································602
38. 2018 지방직 7급 ·················································································610
39. 2019 국가직 9급 ·················································································619
40. 2019 지방직 교육행정직 ·····································································628
41. 2019 지방교육청 ··················································································637
42. 2019 서울시 9급 ·················································································638
43. 2019 서울시 7급 ·················································································645
44. 2019 국가직 7급 ·················································································653
45. 2019 지방직 7급 ·················································································664
46. 2020 국가직 9급 ·················································································675
47. 2020 국회사무처 8급 ·········································································685
48. 2020 지방직 9급 ·················································································699
49. 2020 군무원 9급 ·················································································707
50. 2020 군무원 7급 ·················································································716