2022 Master 행정학 - 전2권

[1권]

PART 01 행정학의 기초이론
CHAPTER 01 행정의 기초이론 ············································································································ 2
제1절 행정의 본질 ·········································································································· 2
01. 행정의 의의 / 2 02. 행정법학적 행정개념 / 3
03. 행정학적 행정개념 / 4 04. 정치와 행정의 관계 / 8
05. 행정(공행정)과 경영(사행정) / 10
제2절 행정기능 ·············································································································· 13
01. 행정기능의 의의 / 13 02. 행정기능의 변천 / 13
03. 현대 행정기능의 유형 / 13
제3절 행정의 특징 ········································································································ 15
01. 국가의 변천 / 15 02. 근대 행정과 현대 행정의 비교 / 19
제4절 행정과정과 변수 ································································································· 20
01. 행정과정 / 20 02. 행정의 구성변수 / 21
제5절 행정수요 ·············································································································· 23
01. 행정수요의 의의 / 23
02. 현대 행정수요의 특징과 행정수요의 변동요인 / 23
제6절 새로운 행정환경과 행정의 과제 ······································································· 25
CHAPTER 02 자원배분의 주체 ·········································································································· 26
제1절 정부와 시장 ········································································································ 26
01. 시장의 실패 / 26 02. 정부기능 강화(정부규제) / 31
03. 정부팽창 / 61 04. 정부실패 / 63
05. 시장기능 강화(민영화, 감축관리) / 65
06. 공공서비스의 제공방법 / 70
제2절 제3섹터 ··············································································································· 71
01. 제3섹터(중간조직)의 개념 / 71 02. 제3섹터의 범위와 유형 / 72
03. 제3섹터(특히, 민자유치)의 장점 및 단점 / 76
CHAPTER 03 행정가치⋅문화론 ········································································································ 80
제1절 행정가치 ·············································································································· 80
01. 행정가치의 이론적 기초 / 80 02. 공익(포괄적 행정이념) / 84
03. 행정이념 / 87
제2절 행정문화 ·············································································································· 97
01. 행정문화의 의의 / 97
02. 선진국의 행정문화와 개발도상국의 행정문화 / 98
03. 행정문화의 쇄신전략 / 98
CHAPTER 04 행정학 이론 ·················································································································· 99
제1절 행정학의 학문적 성격 ······················································································· 99
01. 행정학의 학문적 성격 / 99 02. 정체성(identity)의 위기 / 100
제2절 행정학의 성립과 발달 ····················································································· 101
01. 행정학의 기원과 발달 / 101
02. 독일 행정학：관방학과 Stein 행정학의 발달 / 101
03. 미국 행정학의 성립배경 / 102
제3절 행정학의 접근방법 ··························································································· 103
01. 역사적 접근방법(정치학적 접근법) / 103
02. 법률.제도적 접근방법 / 103 03. 관리.기능적 접근방법 / 104
04. 행태론적 접근법(행태주의) / 104 05. 현상학적 접근법 / 107
06. 생태론적 접근법 / 108 07. 체제론적 접근법 / 111
08. 공공선택이론 / 113 09. 신제도주의적 접근방법 / 119
10. 행정학의 연구기준에 따른 방법 / 123
제4절 행정이론의 발달 ······························································································· 125
01. 과학적 관리론 / 125 02. 인간관계론 / 127
03. 비교행정론 / 129 04. 발전행정론 / 131
05. 신행정론 / 136 06. 신공공관리론 / 139
07. 뉴거버넌스(신국정관리론, New Governance) / 145
08. 신공공서비스론(Denhardt) / 149 09. 포스트모더니즘 / 150
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 154
PART 02 정책론
CHAPTER 01 정책일반론 ·················································································································· 220
제1절 정책학 ················································································································ 220
01. 정책연구의 필요성 / 220 02. 정책학의 의의 / 220
03. 정책학의 학문적 특성 / 221
제2절 정책의 기본개념 ······························································································· 222
01. 정책의 개념 / 222 02. 정책의 성격 / 222
03. 정책의 유형 / 223
제3절 정책의 구성요소 ······························································································· 226
01. 정책목표 / 226 02. 정책수단 / 227
03. 정책대상집단 / 229
제4절 정책연구의 접근방법(정책은 누가 주도하는가?) ·········································· 230
01. 마르크스주의 이론 / 230 02. 엘리트이론 / 231
03. 다원주의 이론 / 232
04. 신다원주의(Neo Pluralism；Dunleavy) / 232
05. Policy Network theory / 233 06. 조합주의 이론(Schumitter) / 235
제5절 정책과정의 참여자 ··························································································· 236
01. 정책과정의 참여자 / 236 02. 대통령 / 236
03. 의 회 / 237 04. 행정기관(행정관료) / 237
05. 사법부 / 238 06. 정 당 / 238
07. 이익집단 / 238 08. 전문가집단(정책공동체) / 239
09. 시민참여 / 239
제6절 정책과정 ············································································································ 240
01. 정책과정의 의의 / 240 02. 정책과정의 일반적 단계 / 240
03. 정책과정의 성격 / 241
CHAPTER 02 정책의제설정론 ·········································································································· 243
제1절 정책의제설정일반 ····························································································· 243
01. 정책의제설정의 의의 / 243
02. 정책의제설정의 일반적 과정(Robert Eyestone) / 243
03. 주도집단에 따른 정책의제설정과정(Cobb, Ross & Ross) / 244
04. 정책의제설정을 좌우하는 요인 / 247
제2절 무의사결정 ········································································································ 248
01. 무의사결정의 의의 / 248 02. 무의사결정의 발생원인 / 249
03. 무의사결정의 수단 / 249 04. 정책과정과 무의사결정 / 250
CHAPTER 03 정책분석론 ·················································································································· 251
01. 정책분석 / 251 02. 체제분석(SA；System Analysis) / 252
03. 관리과학(Management science) / 256
04. 정책분석의 오류 / 258
CHAPTER 04 정책결정론 ·················································································································· 260
제1절 정책결정의 일반이론 ······················································································· 260
01. 정책결정의 의의 / 260 02. 정책결정의 일반적 단계 / 260
03. 정책결정의 성격 / 261 04. 정책결정방법 / 261
05. 분석적 정책결정의 한계：(합리적) 정책분석의 제약요인 / 261
제2절 정책결정의 일반적 과정 ·················································································· 262
01. 정책문제의 정의 / 262 02. 정책목표의 설정 / 264
03. 정책대안의 탐색과 개발 / 264 04. 정책대안의 결과예측 / 265
05. 정책대안의 비교⋅평가(정책분석의 기준) / 266
06. 최선의 정책대안의 선택 / 268
제3절 정책결정모형 ···································································································· 268
01. 합리모형 / 268 02. 만족모형 / 269
03. 점증모형 / 270
04. 혼합탐사모형(합리모형＋점증모형) / 272
05. 최적모형 / 273 06. 회사모형(타협모형, 연합모형) / 275
07. 쓰레기통모형 / 276 08. Allison 모형 / 277
09. 사이버네틱스모형 / 278
CHAPTER 05 정책집행론 ·················································································································· 279
제1절 정책집행의 일반이론 ······················································································· 279
01. 정책집행의 의의 / 279 02. 정책집행의 유형 / 279
03. 정책집행론의 전개 / 280
04. 효과적 정책집행을 위한 조건 및 전략 / 283
제2절 정책집행론의 접근방법 ···················································································· 285
01. 하향적⋅전방향적 접근방법(Forward Mapping) / 285
02. 상향적⋅후방향적 접근방법(Backward Mapping) / 286
03. 통합모형 / 287
제3절 정책집행상의 순응과 불응 ·············································································· 289
01. 정책집행상의 순응과 불응의 의의 / 289
02. 불응의 원인 / 289 03. 순응을 좌우하는 요인 / 289
04. 순응의 확보방안 / 290
CHAPTER 06 정책평가론 ·················································································································· 291
제1절 정책평가일반 ···································································································· 291
01. 정책평가의 의의와 중요성 / 291 02. 정책평가의 유형 / 291
03. 정책평가의 과제(새행정학) / 294 04. 정책평가의 일반적 절차 / 299
05. 정책평가의 타당도 / 299 06. 정책평가의 방법 / 304
제2절 사회지표 ············································································································ 305
01. 사회지표의 의의 / 305 02. 사회지표의 성격 / 305
03. 사회지표의 유형 / 306 04. 우리나라 사회지표와 문제점 / 306
CHAPTER 07 정책변동론 ·················································································································· 307
01. 정책변동의 의의 / 307 02. 정책변동의 유형 / 307
03. 정책변동의 원인 / 308 04. 정책변동모형(권기헌) / 309
05. 점증주의적 정책변동과 비점증주의적 정책변동 / 311
CHAPTER 08 기획론 ·························································································································· 312
01. 기획의 의의 / 312 02. 기획이론의 변천 / 313
03. 기획의 원칙과 과정 / 313 04. 기획의 유형 / 315
05. 기획의 제약요인(한계) / 318 06. 미래예측기법 / 318
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 322
PART 03 조직론
CHAPTER 01 조직의 기초이론 ········································································································ 402
제1절 조직의 의의와 유형 ························································································· 402
01. 조직의 의의 / 402 02. 조직의 유형 / 403
제2절 조직이론의 분류 ······························································································· 406
01. Dwight Waldo의 분류 / 406 02. Scott의 분류 / 406
CHAPTER 02 조직일반이론 ·············································································································· 411
제1절 조직과 구조 ······································································································ 411
01. 의 의 / 411
02. 구조형성의 원리(조직의 여러 가지 원리) / 416
03. 조직의 원리에 대한 비판 / 420 04. 조직구조의 조정기제(새행정학) / 420
05. 관료제론 / 421 06. 현대적 조직구조 / 426
07. 공식조직과 비공식조직 / 432 08. 계선과 막료 / 435
09. 위원회 / 437
제2절 조직과 인간 ······································································································ 440
01. 조직과 개인의 상호작용 / 440
02. 인간관과 조직관리전략(Edgar Schein의 복잡한 인간모형) / 440
03. 개인의 조직에 대한 적응모형 / 441
04. 동기부여이론 / 442
제3절 조직과 환경 ······································································································ 457
01. 조직환경의 의의 / 457 02. 조직과 환경의 상호관계 / 458
03. 조직의 환경에 대한 전략 / 459 04. 조직환경이론(거시조직이론) / 461
제4절 조직과 목표 ······································································································ 468
01. 조직목표의 의의 / 468 02. 조직목표의 유형 / 469
03. 조직목표의 수 / 471 04. 조직목표의 변동 / 471
05. 조직목표와 개인목표 / 472
06. 목표에 의한 관리(목표관리제；MBO) / 472
07. 조직의 효과성 / 475
제5절 조직과 기술 ······································································································ 477
01. 기술과 조직의 관계 / 477
02. 기술과 조직구조에 관한 연구모형 / 477
제6절 조직과 관리 ······································································································ 480
01. 조직관리의 의의 / 480 02. 의사전달 / 480
03. 리더십(Leadership) / 484 04. 조정(Coordination) / 494
05. 행정 PR(Public Relations) / 495 06. 권 위 / 497
07. 갈등관리 / 499
08. 전략적 관리(Strategic Management) / 503
09. 사무관리(Office Management) / 505
CHAPTER 03 조직혁신 ······················································································································ 507
제1절 조직혁신(OI) ······································································································ 507
01. 조직혁신의 의의 / 507 02. 조직혁신의 담당자와 과정 / 508
제2절 조직발전(OD) ···································································································· 509
01. 조직발전의 의의 / 509 02. 조직발전의 내용 / 509
03. 조직발전의 기법 / 510 04. 조직발전의 성공조건과 문제점 / 511
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 512
PART 04 인사행정론
CHAPTER 01 인사행정의 기초이론 ································································································ 574
제1절 인사행정의 기초이론 ······················································································· 574
01. 인사행정의 의의 / 574 02. 인사행정의 기본시각과 흐름 / 575
03. 엽관주의(Spoils systems) / 575 04. 실적주의(Merit system) / 577
05. 적극적 인사행정 / 581
06. 직업공무원제(Career civil service system) / 582
07. 대표관료제(Representative bureaucracy) / 583
08. 인적 자원관리(HRM；Human Resources Management) / 586
09. QWL(Quality of Working Life；직장생활의 질) / 587
제2절 중앙인사기관 ···································································································· 587
01. 중앙인사기관의 의의 및 기능 / 587
02. 중앙인사기관의 성격 / 588 03. 우리나라의 인사기관 / 589
제3절 공직의 분류－공직구조의 형성 ······································································ 591
01. 공직의 분류 / 591 02. 개방형과 폐쇄형 / 597
03. 직위분류제와 계급제 / 598 04. 고위공무원단제도 / 602
CHAPTER 02 인사행정의 일반이론 ································································································ 606
제1절 공무원의 채용 ·································································································· 606
01. 채용의 의의 및 종류 / 606 02. 채용의 과정 / 606
제2절 공무원의 능력발전 ··························································································· 612
01. 공무원의 능력발전의 일반 / 612 02. 교육훈련 / 612
03. 경력발전제도(CDP；오석홍, 인사행정론) / 616
04. 근무성적평정(performance evaluation) / 617
05. 승진(promotion) / 623 06. 배치전환(전직, 전보, 파견) / 626
07. 제안제도 / 628
제3절 공무원의 사기 ·································································································· 628
01. 공무원의 사기의 일반 / 628 02. 공무원의 보수 / 630
03. 공무원의 연금제도(Civil service pension program) / 635
04. 공무원단체(Public employee organization) / 639
05. 고충처리 / 643
제4절 근무규율(통제) ·································································································· 643
01. 부정부패 / 643
02. 행정윤리 / 650
03. 정치적 중립(political neutrality) / 657
04. 공무원의 신분보장 / 658
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 663
PART 05 재무행정론
CHAPTER 01 재무행정의 기초이론 ································································································ 718
01. 재무행정의 의의 / 718 02. 예산의 의의 / 718
03. 예산의 원칙(budgetary principles) / 721
04. 예산결정이론(예산결정방법) / 724
CHAPTER 02 예산론 ·························································································································· 728
제1절 예산 관련법규 ·································································································· 728
01. 국가재정법 / 729 02. 국가회계법 / 737
03. 정부기업예산법 / 738
제2절 기간 귀속기준(거래의 인식시점) ···································································· 738
01. 현금주의 / 738 02. 발생주의 / 739
03. 채무부담주의 / 740 04. 수정발생주의 / 740
제3절 재무행정 관련 주요 기관 ················································································ 741
01. 중앙예산기관 / 741 02. 수입⋅지출총괄기관 / 742
03. 중앙은행 / 742
제4절 예산의 종류와 분류 ························································································· 743
01. 예산의 종류 / 743 02. 예산의 분류 / 749
제5절 계획(기획)과 예산 ···························································································· 752
01. 계획과 예산의 관계 / 752
02. 계획과 예산의 불일치 요인과 통합방안 / 752
CHAPTER 03 예산과정론 ·················································································································· 754
제1절 예산과정 일반 ·································································································· 754
01. 예산과정의 의의 / 754 02. 예산과정의 특징 및 내용 / 754
제2절 예산편성 ············································································································ 755
01. 예산편성의 의의 / 755
02. 예산편성의 과정(절차) / 755
03. 예산편성의 형식 / 757
04. 예산확보를 위한 정치적 전략 및 병리현상(새행정학) / 758
05. 예산편성의 문제점과 개선방향 / 759
제3절 예산심의 ············································································································ 760
01. 예산심의의 의의 / 760
02. 예산심의의 내용 및 변수－각국의 예산심의의 차이와 특성 / 760
03. 예산심의의 절차 / 761 04. 우리나라 예산심의의 문제점 / 762
제4절 예산집행 ············································································································ 763
01. 예산집행의 의의 / 763 02. 예산의 집행통제(재정통제) / 763
03. 예산집행의 신축성 / 765
제5절 결 산 ················································································································· 770
01. 결산의 의의 / 770 02. 결산의 과정 / 771
03. 결산제도의 문제점과 개선방향 / 772
제6절 회계검사 ············································································································ 773
01. 회계검사의 의의 / 773 02. 회계검사의 방법과 대상 / 773
03. 회계검사기관 / 774
04. 우리나라의 회계검사기관－감사원 / 774
CHAPTER 04 예산제도의 발달과 개혁 ·························································································· 776
01. 예산제도의 발달 / 776
02. 품목별 예산제도(LIBS；Line Item Budgeting System) / 776
03. 성과주의 예산제도(PBS；Performance Budgeting System) / 777
04. 계획예산(PPBS；Planning Programming Budgeting System) / 778
05. 영기준예산(ZBB；Zero－Base Budgeting) / 781
06. 일몰법(SSL；Sunset Law) / 784
07. 자본예산(CBS；Capital Budgeting System) / 785
08. 정치관리형 예산제도(BPM；Budget for Political Management) / 786
09. 조세지출예산제도 / 787
10. 신성과주의 예산제도(결과지향적 예산제도;성과주의의 부활) / 787
11. 시민들의 예산참여(새행정학) / 790
12. 균형성과관리(균형성과기록표, BSC, Balanced Score Card) / 790
13. 구매행정 / 792
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 793

[2권]

PART 06 행정환류론
CHAPTER 01 행정책임론 ·················································································································· 860
01. 행정책임의 의의 / 860 02. 행정책임의 특성 및 필요성 / 860
03. 행정책임의 기준 / 861 04. 행정책임의 종류와 유형 / 861
CHAPTER 02 행정통제론 ·················································································································· 864
01. 행정통제 / 864 02. 시민참여(행정참여) / 874
03. 정보공개 / 876
CHAPTER 03 행정개혁의 일반이론 ································································································ 879
제1절 행정개혁 ············································································································ 879
01. 행정개혁의 의의 / 879 02. 행정개혁의 과정 및 담당자 / 880
제2절 행정개혁의 접근방법 및 전략 ········································································ 881
01. 행정개혁의 접근방법 / 881 02. 행정개혁의 전략 / 882
제3절 행정개혁에 대한 저항과 극복방안 ································································· 882
01. 행정개혁에 대한 저항의 원인 / 882
02. 행정개혁에 대한 저항의 극복방법 / 883
CHAPTER 04 각국의 행정개혁 ········································································································ 884
01. OECD 국가의 정부혁신(OECD 백서) / 884
02. 미국의 행정개혁 / 884 03. 영국의 행정개혁 / 886
04. 뉴질랜드의 행정개혁 / 888
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 890
PART 07 정보지식론
CHAPTER 01 정보행정론·················································································································· 914
제1절 정보화 사회 ······································································································ 914
01. 정보화 사회의 의의 / 914 02. 정보화 사회의 특징과 영향 / 915
제2절 행정정보화와 전자정부 ···················································································· 919
01. 행정정보시스템 / 919 02. 전자정부(E－Government) / 921
03. 정보행정과 정보정책 / 929
04. 전자거버넌스와 전자민주주의(새행정학) / 933
CHAPTER 02 지식행정론 ·················································································································· 935
01. 지식 패러다임의 등장과 지식행정 / 935
02. 지식관리 / 936
기출 및 예상문제 ··································································································· 937
PART 08 지방행정론
CHAPTER 01 지방행정의 기초이론 ································································································ 960
제1절 지방행정의 기초개념 ······················································································· 960
01. 지방행정의 의의 / 960 02. 지방자치의 본질 / 961
03. 지방자치의 유형 / 963 04. 지방자치의 필요성 / 965
05. 중앙집권과 지방분권 / 965 06. 지방자치의 현대적 경향 / 968
제2절 행정자치권과 지방자치단체의 연관 ······························································· 971
01. 자치권 일반 / 971 02. 조 례 / 972
03. 규 칙 / 973 04. 지방자치단체의 기관 / 974
제3절 지방자치단체의 종류와 사무 ·········································································· 981
01. 지방자치단체의 종류 / 981 02. 지방자치단체의 계층구조 / 987
03. 지방자치단체의 기관구성형태 / 988
04. 국가와 지방자치단체의 기능배분 / 990
05. 지방자치단체의 사무 / 995 06. 광역행정 / 997
CHAPTER 02 지방재정일반 ············································································································ 1005
제1절 지방재정일반 ··································································································· 1005
01. 지방재정의 의의와 특징 / 1005 02. 지방수입의 분류 / 1006
제2절 지방수입 ·········································································································· 1007
01. 지방세 / 1007 02. 세외수입 / 1009
03. 지방채 / 1010 04. 지방교부세 / 1011
05. 국고보조금 / 1012
06. 광역⋅지역발전특별회계(과거의 균형발전특별회계) / 1014
07. 기타 지방재정제도 / 1015
CHAPTER 03 지방행정의 통제⋅개혁 ·························································································· 1023
제1절 중앙통제 ·········································································································· 1023
01. 중앙통제의 의의 / 1023 02. 중앙통제의 방식 / 1023
03. 중앙통제의 현대적 경향 / 1024 04. 우리나라의 중앙통제 / 1024
제2절 주민통제 ·········································································································· 1028
01. 주민의 의의 / 1028 02. 주민통제 / 1028
제3절 주민직접참정제도 ··························································································· 1029
01. 직접참정제도의 의의 / 1029 02. 직접참정제도의 장⋅단점 / 1029
03. 직접참정의 방법 / 1030 04. 우리나라의 직접참정제도 / 1030
제4절 지역이기주의 ··································································································· 1036
01. 지역이기주의의 의의 / 1036 02. 지역이기주의의 형태 / 1036
03. 지역이기주의의 발생원인과 극복방안 / 1037
제5절 분쟁조정 ·········································································································· 1038
제6절 정부 간 관계론(IGR；Inter-Governmental Relation) ································ 1039
01. 중앙과 지방의 관계에 대한 시각(Dunleavy) / 1039
02. 정부 간 관계모형 / 1039
※ 지방자치법 전부개정 주요 내용<행정안전부 보도자료 부분수정> / 1041
기출 및 예상문제 ································································································· 1053
PART 09 부록
01. 행정학의 패러다임 / 1116
02. 신연방주의⋅신자유주의⋅신보수주의 / 1117
03. Bozeman의 공익에 대한 견해(정책철학) / 1118
04. 정부조직의 미션, 비전, 핵심가치 / 1118
05. 자유와 평등 / 1118
06. 민주주의의 유형 / 1119
07. 공론조사와 일반여론조사 / 1120
08. 문화연구 / 1120
09. 조직문화 / 1122
10. 논변적 접근방법(정책논변모형 ; Toulmin) / 1123
11. GoodMan(구드만)의 법칙 / 1123
12. 블루오션(Blue Ocean) / 1124
13. 품질관리 서클(이종수 외, 새행정학, 대영문화사) / 1124
14. Ingram & Schneider의 정책대상집단의 사회적 구성 모형 / 1124
15. 정책분석가의 유형과 역할 인식；Jenkins and Smith / 1125
16. 의사결정 분석 / 1125
17. 품의제(우리나라의 정책결정제도) / 1128
18. 위기시 의사결정 / 1128
19. 집단적 의사결정 / 1129
20. 상황적응적 의사결정 모형 / 1129
21. 의사결정자의 실책 / 1130
22. Janis의 집단사고(groupthink) 예방 전략 / 1130
23. Braybrooke & Lindblom의 모형 / 1130
24. 헨리(N. Henry)의 의사결정모형 유형론 / 1130
25. 공공정책갈등의 프레임(frames) / 1131
26. 유인과 규범의 관계에 따른 정책갈등 유형 / 1132
27. 로저스의 혁신연구(LG 경제연구소) / 1132
28. Ackoff의 기획의 정향과 종류 / 1133
29. 모건의 조직에 대한 8가지 시각 / 1133
30. Greiner의 조직성장단계의 특징 및 위기별 위기대응전략 / 1134
31. Minzberg의 정부모형 / 1134
32. Schick의 “나쁜 예산(Bad Budgeting)” / 1135
33. 적극행정<행정안전부 자료 참조> / 1135
34. 로렌츠 곡선(Lorenz Curve), Gini 계수, 5분위 배율, 10분위 분배율 / 1136
35. 분쟁조정(調整) 유형：알선, 조정(調停), 재정, 중재 / 1137
36. 관청형성모형(Dunleavy) / 1137
37. 정책 딜레마 모형(Policy dilemma model) / 1138
38. 시차이론 / 1140
39. 정책유형론 연구와 정책결정요인론 연구 / 1140
기출 및 예상문제 ································································································· 1142