소방정책학

제1장 소방정책학이란?· ············································21

1. 소방정책학의 개념, 목적과 성격· ····································21

1) 소방정책학의 개념 / 21

2) 소방정책학의 목적 / 23

3) 소방정책학의 성격 / 24

2. 소방정책의 필요성과 기능·········································25

1) 소방정책의 필요성 / 25

2) 소방정책의 기능 / 26

3. 소방정책학의 발전·············································27

4. 정책학의 인접 학문· ············································29

1) 정치학 / 29

2) 사회학 / 29

3) 경제학 / 30

4) 행정학 / 30

5. 소방정책학의 내용·············································30

1) 정책 과정을 중심으로 하는 내용의 이해 / 31

2) 정책 체계의 시각에서 정책학의 내용 / 32

3) 과정론과 체계론의 통합: 책의 틀 / 33



제2장 한국 소방정책의 발전 과정· ·····································35

1. 한국 소방정책의 의의············································35

2. 한국 소방정책의 발전···········································36

1) 자치소방 시대(1945~1948) /36

2) 국가소방 시대(1948~1970) / 37

3) 국가·자치 이원소방 시대(1971~1974) / 38

4) 자치소방 시대(1975~1991) / 38

5) 광역소방 시대(1992~2004) / 39

6) 소방방재청 시대(2004~2014) / 39

7) 국민안전처 시대(2014~2017) / 40

8) 소방청 독립 시대(2017~현재) / 40

3. 한국 소방정책의 변천과 쟁점· ······································41

1) 한국 소방정책 변천의 특징 / 41

2) 재난 대응과 소방정책 / 42

3) 지방자치와 소방정책 / 43

4) 소방정책 조직의 개편 / 44

5) 재난과 소방정책 / 45

4. 한국 소방조직의 발전 방향· ·······································46

1) 재난관리 컨트롤 타워 역할 / 47

2) 국가 소방조직의 역할 / 47

3) 소방안전 정책 기능 / 48

4) 대국민 소방안전교육 / 49

5) 재난관리 지휘 체계 일원화 / 49



제3장 소방정책의 의의와 유형· ·······································51

1. 소방정책의 의의· ··············································51

2. 소방정책의 성격···············································54

3. 소방정책의 구성 요소···········································54

1) 정책 목표 / 55

2) 정책 도구 / 55

3) 정책 대상자 / 55

4. 소방정책의 유형···············································56

1) 기능별 분류 / 56

2) 참여자와 과정상의 특성에 따른 분류 / 56

3) 기타의 정책 분류 / 62

5. 소방정책의 유형···············································66

1) 예방정책 / 67

2) 진압정책 / 68

3) 구조 및 구급정책 / 68



제4장 정부정책의 필요성············································71

1. 시장실패····················································73

1) 공공재 / 73

2) 독과점 / 76

3) 정보 불균형 / 76

4) 외부 효과 / 79

5) 가치재의 분배 / 82

2. 정부실패와 비시장실패···········································83

1) 직접민주주의에 내재한 문제 / 85

2) 대의정부에 내재한 문제 / 86

3) 관료제에 내재한 문제 / 89

4) 분권화에 내재한 문제 / 91

3. 시장실패와 비시장실패의 시사점····································92



제5장 소방정책 모형···············································95

1. 일반모형····················································97

1) 제도모형: ‘제도의 결과물’로서 정책 / 97

2) 과정모형: ‘과정의 산물’로서 정책 / 99

3) 체제모형: ‘정치행정 체제의 산출’로서 정책 / 100

2. 권력을 기준으로 한 모형 분류· ····································101

1) 집단이론모형: ‘집단 간 영향력의 균형’으로서 정책 / 102

2) 엘리트모형: ‘엘리트집단의 선호’로서 정책 / 104

3. 합리성을 기준으로 한 모형 분류· ···································106

1) 합리모형: ‘사회적 수익을 극대화한 결정’으로서 정책 / 106

2) 점증모형: ‘과거의 결정을 약간만 변화시킨 결정’으로서 정책 / 108

3) 게임이론모형: ‘경쟁자가 있는 상황에서 수익을 극대화한 결정’으로서 정책 / 110

4. 기타 정책모형· ··············································114

1) 만족모형 / 114

2) 최적모형 / 115

3) 쓰레기통모형 / 115

5. 여러 가지 시각에서 얻을 수 있는 시사점· ······························116



제6장 소방정책 환경과 참여자· ······································117

1. 정책환경과 참여자에 대한 이해·····································117

2. 공식 참여자·················································119

1) 대통령(행정수반) / 119

2) 입법부 / 120

3) 행정기관과 공무원 / 122

4) 사법부 / 122

3. 유형의 환경, 비공식 참여자·······································123

1) 이익집단 / 123

2) 정당 / 124

3) 일반 시민 / 125

4) 외부 전문가와 전문기관 / 125

5) 언론 / 126

4. 무형의 환경·················································126

1) 국제환경 / 127

2) 정치환경 / 128

3) 경제환경 / 129

4) 사회문화환경 / 130

5) 자연환경 / 131

5. 정책환경의 관리··············································132

1) 전략적 이동 / 133

2) 독자 전략 / 135

3) 협동 전략 / 137



제7장 소방정책 도구··············································139

1. 소방정책 관련 조직 도구· ········································141

2. 실제 활동자를 중심으로 한 정책담당자································143

1) 자원봉사자 / 144

2) 외부 공급자 / 144

3) 다른 국내 정부 / 145

4) 공기업 / 145

5) 시장 / 145

6) 민간 계약자 / 145

7) 제3부문 조직 / 146

3. 소방정책 도구의 종류··········································146

1) 지도력 / 148

2) 서비스 직접 제공 / 149

3) 편익 / 149

4) 계약 / 149

5) 일반적인 지출 / 150

6) 시장과 공기업 운영 / 150

7) 세금의 부과 혹은 감면 / 151

8) 대출 / 151

9) 보조금 / 151

10) 보험 / 152

11) 조장 / 153

12) 제재와 유인 / 154

13) 역량 형성 도구 / 154

14) 학습 도구 / 154

15) 면허 / 155

16) 비공식 절차 / 155

17) 현물구매증서 / 156

18) 대출보증 / 156

19) 부담금 / 156

20) 피해보상 청구권 / 157

21) 정보 제공 / 157

22) 자원봉사자와 자원봉사단체 / 158

23) 프랜차이징 / 159

24) 정부 조달 / 159

25) 공공 투자 / 159

26) 기타 정책 도구 / 160

4. 소방정책 도구의 유형··········································160

1) 단일 기준에 의한 분류 / 160

2) 복수 기준에 의한 정책 도구의 분류 / 165

5. 소방정책 도구의 선택··········································166

1) 정책 도구 선택의 중요 기준 / 166

2) 정책 도구 선택의 틀 / 167

3) 정책 도구 선택의 변화와 거버넌스 / 170



제8장 소방정책 과정의 단계·········································173

1. 라스웰의 정책 과정· ···········································174

2. 브루어의 정책 과정· ···········································175

3. 소방정책 과정· ··············································176

4. 개인 의사결정 사례를 통한 정책 과정의 이해· ···························177

1) 의사결정 과정의 사례: 교차로 사례 / 177

2) 의사결정 과정의 단계와 정책 과정 / 178



제9장 소방정책 의제 설정· ·········································185

1. 개인문제로부터 정책의제로· ······································185

2. 의제 설정의 하위 단계· ·········································186

1) 문제의 성장을 중심으로 본 의제화의 과정 / 186

2) 활동을 중심으로 본 정책의제의 설정 단계 / 189

3. 의제 설정 모형···············································191

1) 외부주도형 의제 설정 / 191

2) 동원형 의제 설정 / 192

3) 내부접근형 의제 설정 / 192

4. 소방정책 의제 설정에 영향을 미치는 요인· ·····························193

1) 문제의 특성과 관련된 요인 / 193

2) 참여 집단과 관련된 요인 / 194

3) 환경 요인 / 194

5. 전략적 소방정책 의제 설정· ······································195

1) 전략적 정책의제 설정의 과정 / 195

2) SWOT 분석을 통한 전략적 정책의제 설정 / 196

3) 소방정책의 SWOT 분석 / 198

4) 소방정책의 전략적 의제 설정 / 199