임상화학 요점정리 및 문제

1. 유리기구, 시약, 농도, 계산, pH, 기본 기기 ································· 1

1. 유리 기구 ······································································································· 1

2. 단위 및 세척액 ······························································································ 7

3. 농도 및 계산문제 ··························································································· 8

4. 저울(Balance) ······························································································· 9

5. pH 및 완충액 ····························································································· 10

6. 진단검사실 기본 기기 ·················································································· 11



2. 이론(성분) ························································································· 33

1. 성분변화 ······································································································ 33



3. 비색분석, 자동분석기 ······································································ 41

1. 비색분석 ······································································································ 41



4. 질관리 ······························································································· 61

1. 정확도 및 정밀도 ························································································ 61



5. 혈당 ··································································································· 75

1. 혈당(Blood glucose) ················································································· 75

2. 혈당 측정법 ································································································· 77

3. 포도당 부하시험(Glucose Tolerance test: GTT) ···································· 78

4. 당화헤모글로빈(당화혈색소, HbA1c)검사 ··················································· 79

5. 프룩토사민(당화단백: Fructosamine) ························································ 80

6. 1,5-안히드로글루시톨(1,5-Anhydroglucitol: 1,5-AG) ····························· 80



6. 비단백질소(Non Protein Nitrogen, NPN) ································ 87

1. 비단백질소(Non Protein Nitrogen, NPN) ············································· 87



7. 단백질 ······························································································· 97

1. 단백질(Protein) ·························································································· 97

2. 전기영동 ······································································································ 99



8. 전해질, 혈액가스 ··········································································· 113

1. 전해질(Electrolyte) ·················································································· 113

2. Sodium과 Potassium ············································································· 114

3. Chloride ·································································································· 115

4. Calcium, Inorganic phosphorous ······················································ 116

5. Fe, TIBC ··································································································· 117

6. Blood gas analysis ················································································ 118



9. 간 및 콩팥기능 검사 ···································································· 129

1. 간기능 검사(Liver function test, LFT) ················································· 129

2. 콩팥기능 검사(Kidney function test) ··················································· 132



10. 효소(Enzyme) ············································································· 141

1. 개요 ··········································································································· 141

2. 진단검사에 이용되는 효소 ········································································· 144



11. 종양표지자(Tumor marker) ····················································· 163

1. 종양표지자(Tumor marker) ···································································· 163

2. 뼈표지자 검사 및 심장표지자 검사 종류 ·················································· 164



12. 지질 및 호르몬 ··········································································· 167

1. 지질(Lipid) ································································································ 167

2. 지단백(Lipoprotein) ················································································ 169

3. 호르몬(Hormone) ···················································································· 170



13. 약물검사(TDM: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) ··············· 183

1. 목적: 약물의 종류, 유효 농도, 장기장애 등을 검사 ································· 183

2. 현재 임상에서 사용 중인 약물 ································································ 184

3. 혈중 약물검사가 필요한 약물의 조건 ····················································· 184



14. 일반검사 ······················································································· 189

1. 뇌척수액(Cerebrospinal fluid) ······························································ 189

2. 활액검사 ···································································································· 190

3. 정액(semen) ····························································································· 191



15. 요화학 검사 ················································································· 199

1. 콩팥과 요 ·································································································· 199

2. 요 시험지법 ······························································································· 201

3. 요의 색조, 혼탁, 요량 ··············································································· 205

4. 요 비중 ······································································································ 206

5. 혈뇨, 혈색소뇨 ·························································································· 207

6. 선천성 대사질환 ························································································ 208

7. 요침사 ········································································································ 209

8. 원주(Cast) ································································································· 212

9. 결정체 ········································································································ 213

10. 요침사 검사를 위한 현미경 검사 ···························································· 214



16. 동위원소 ······················································································· 237

1. 동위원소 ···································································································· 237

2. 방사선 관련 단위 ······················································································ 239

3. 조직에 대한 방사선 감수성 ······································································· 240

4. 반감기 ········································································································ 241

5. 체내·외 측정에 이용되는 중요 핵종 ·························································· 242

6. 방사선 측정장치 ························································································ 242

7. 방사성 동위원소를 이용한 측정법 ····························································· 243

8. 분리방법 ···································································································· 244

9. 방사선 방어 ······························································································· 245

10. 방사성폐기물 처리 ··················································································· 248



실기문제 ······························································································· 261