Bioavailability, Leachability, Chemical Speciation, and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in the Process of Composting (Hardcover)

Introduction. Overview. Effect of heavy metals on the environment. Conclusion. References. Composting process. Composting process. Factors affecting composting process. Types of composting process. The Phases of the Composting Process. Microorganisms involves during composting. Degradation of lignocellulosic biomass by fungi-bacteria. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra compost samples. Advantages of composting process. Disadvantages of composting process. Conclusion. References. Analysis of compost samples. Physical analysis. Chemical analysis. Biological Analysis. References. Composting and heavy metals. Heavy metals in composting. Effects of heavy metals on the composting process. Reduction of total heavy metals and their bioavailability during the composting process. Risk assessment of heavy metals during the composting. Conclusion. References. Bioavailability of heavy metals during composting. Bioavailability of heavy metals. Conclusion. References. Chemical speciation of heavy metals during the composting process. Speciation of heavy metals. Conclusions. References. Effects of chemical amendments on bioavailability and fractionation of heavy metals in composting. Effects of chemical amendments. Effect of lime on bioavailability and speciation of heavy metals. Effects of natural zeolite on bioavailability and speciation of heavy metals. Other amendments. Conclusion. References. Reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals by micro-organisms. Composting microorganisms. Reduction of heavy metals bioavailability by micro-organisms. Mechanism of immobilization of heavy metals using microorganism. Conclusion. References. Leachability of heavy metals during the composting process. Leachability of heavy metals. Effects of chemicals addition on leachability of heavy metals in composting. Conclusion. References.