중국 명언으로 익히는 한자

제1부 한자학 개론
1. 한자 학습의 필요성 ··························································17

2. 한자 학습과 사용을 기피하는 이유 ····································· 30

3. 고대 동이족(東夷族)의 한자 창제론 ··································· 33
1) 역사 고고학적으로 본 고대 동이족의 한자 창제론 / 34
(1) 상(商)나라와 고대 동이어(東夷語) / 34
(2) 요하(遼河)문명으로 본 상(商)나라 상족(商族)의 유래 / 35
(A) 중국 황하문명보다 2,000년 앞선 요하문명 / 36
(B) 상족의 하가점하층문화 기원론 / 40
2) 언어문자학적으로 본 고대 동이족의 한자 창제론 / 45
(1) 선행연구의 검토와 동이족 한자 창제론 개설 / 45
(2) 해성(諧聲)체계 ‘한(漢)‒한(韓) 대응 비교’로 본 동이족 한자 창제론 / 51
(A) 고대 동이족의 ‘解聲(해성)’계자 한자 창제론 / 51
(B) 고대 동이족의 ‘圭聲(규성)’계자 한자 창제론 / 61
(C) 고대 동이족의 ‘秋聲(추성)’계자 한자 창제론 / 67
(D) 고대 동이족의 ‘韋聲(위성)’계자 한자 창제론 / 71
(E) 고대 동이족의 한자 창제론 / 75

4. 한자의 자체의 변천 및 조자(造字) 원리 ······························ 79
1) 한자의 자체 변천 / 79
(1) 갑골문(甲骨文) / 80
(2) 금문(金文) / 82
(3) 육국문자(六國文字)와 소전(小篆) / 83
(4) 예서(隸書) / 86
2) 한자의 조자 원리 / 86
(1) 상형(象形) / 88
(2) 지사(指事) / 90
(3) 회의(會意) / 91
(4) 형성(形聲) / 93
(5) 전주(轉注) / 96
(6) 가차(假借) / 97

5. 부수와 형성을 통한 효과적인 한자 학습 ····························· 98
1) 부수의 중요성 / 99
2) 형성(形聲)의 중요성 / 100
3) 부수와 형성으로 파생되는 한자 예 / 103
4) 부수 총표 / 105

제2부 중국 명언 · 명구(名言 · 名句)로 익히는 한자
[1] ≪논어(論語)≫ ···························································· 114
1. 君子喩於義, 小人喩於利.(군자유어의, 소인유어리.) / 116
2. 不患人之不己知, 患不知人也.(불환인지불기지, 환부지인야.) / 118
3. 小不忍則亂大謀.(소불인칙난대모.) / 120
4. 不怨天，不尤人.(불원천，불우인.) / 122
5. 見利思義，見危授命.(견리사의，견위수명.) / 124
6. 無伐善，無施勞.(무벌선, 무시로.) / 126
7. 貧而無諂, 富而無驕.(빈이무첨, 부이무교.) / 128
8. 恥惡衣惡食者不足與議.(치악의악식자부족여의.) / 130
9. 君子恥其言而過其行.(군자치기언이과기행.) / 132
10. 君子群而不黨.(군자군이불당.) / 134
11. 君子和而不同.(군자화이부동.) / 136
12. 己所不欲, 勿施於人.(기소불욕, 물시어인.) / 138
13. 敏而好學, 不恥下問.(민이호학, 불치하문.) / 140
[2] ≪맹자(孟子)≫ ····························································142
14. 天時不如地利，地利不如人和.(천시불여지리, 지리불여인화.) / 144
15. 道在邇.(도재이.) / 146
16. 民爲貴, 社稷次之, 君爲輕.(민위귀，사직차지，군위경.) / 148
17. 窮則獨善其身, 達則兼善天下.(궁즉독선기신, 달즉겸선천하.) / 150
18. 富貴不能淫, 貧賤不能移, 威武不能屈.(부귀불능음, 빈천불능이, 위무불능굴.) / 152
19. 生於憂患, 死於安樂.(생어우환, 사어안락.) / 154
20. 將大有爲之君，必有所不召之臣.(장대유위지군, 필유소불소지신.) / 156
21. 無恒産者, 無恒心.(무항산자, 무항심.) / 158
[3] ≪중용(中庸)≫ ····························································160
22. 言顧行, 行顧言.(언고행, 행고언.) / 162
[4] ≪춘추(春秋)≫ · ≪춘추좌씨전(春秋左氏傳)≫ ··················164
23. 居安思危, 思則有備, 有備無患.(거안사위, 사즉유비, 유비무환.) / 166
24. 卑讓, 德之基也.(비양, 덕지기야.) / 168
25. 多行不義必自斃.(다행불의필자폐.) / 170
[5] ≪시경(詩經)≫ ····························································172
26. 言者無罪, 聞者足戒.(언자무죄, 문자지계.) / 174
27. 他山之石，可以攻玉.(타산지석, 가이공옥.) / 176
[6] ≪주역(周易)≫ ····························································178
28. 吉人之辭寡，躁人之辭多.(길인지사과, 조인지사다.) / 180
[7] ≪예기(禮記)≫ ···························································182
29. 玉不琢, 不成器；人不學, 不知道.(옥불탁, 불성기 ; 인불학, 부지도.) / 184
30. 大道之行, 天下爲公.(대도지행, 천하위공.) / 186
[8] ≪상서(尙書)≫ ····························································188
31. 欲人勿知，莫若勿爲.(욕인물지，막약물위.) / 190
32. 與人不求備, 檢身若不及.(여인불구비, 검신약불급.) / 192
33. 爲山九仞，功虧一簣.(위산구인，공휴일궤.) / 194
34. 滿招損，謙受益.(만초손, 겸수익.) / 196
[9] ‘소학(小學)’의 여러 의미 ···············································198
35. 勤謹和緩.(근근화완.) / 200
[10] ≪노자(老子)≫···························································202
36. 上善若水.(상선약수.) / 204
37. 天道無親, 常與善人.(천도무친, 상여선인.) / 206
38. 知足不辱, 知止不殆.(지족불욕, 지지불태.) / 208
39. 大巧若拙, 大辯若訥.(대교약졸, 대변약눌.) / 210
40. 善用人者爲之下.(선용인자위지하.) / 212
41. 曲則全.(곡즉전.) / 214
42. 爲無爲，則無不治.(위무위, 즉무불치.) / 216
43. 大道廢, 有仁義.(대도폐, 유인의.) / 218
44. 和光同塵.(화광동진.) / 220
45. 天地不仁，以萬物爲芻狗.(천지불인, 이만물위추구.) / 222
46. 多言數窮.(다언삭궁.) / 224
[11] ≪장자(莊子)≫ ···························································226
47. 水之積也不厚，則其負大舟也無力.(수지적야불후, 즉기부대주야무력.) / 228
48. 至人無己，神人無功，聖人無名.(지인무기, 신인무공, 성인무명.) / 230
49. 得魚而忘筌.(득어이망전.) / 232
50. 虎豹之文來田.(호표지문래전.) / 234
51. 君子之交淡若水.(군자지교담약수.) / 236
52. 君子淡以親，小人甘以絕.(군자담이친，소인감이절.) / 238
[12] ≪순자(荀子)≫···························································240
53. 鍥而不舍, 金石可鏤.(결이불사, 금석가루.) / 242
54. 遇不遇者，時也.(우불우자, 시야.) / 244
55. 不積跬步，無以致千里；不積小流，無以成江海.(부적규보, 무이치천리 ;부적소류, 무이성강해.) / 246
[13] ≪한비자(韓非子)≫ ····················································248
56. 巧詐不如拙誠.(교사불여졸성.) / 250
57. 千丈之堤，潰於蟻穴.(천장지제, 궤어의혈.) / 252
[14] ≪회남자(淮南子)≫ ····················································254
58. 乞火不若取燧, 寄汲不若鑿井.(걸화불약취수, 기급불약착정.) / 256
59. 天地之道, 極則反, 盈則損.(천지지도, 극즉반, 영즉손.) / 258
60. 猛獸不群，鷙鳥不雙.(맹수불군，지조불쌍.) / 260
[15] ≪관자(管子)≫ ···························································262
61. 倉廪實而知禮節, 衣食足而知榮辱.(창름실이지예절, 의식족이지영욕.) / 264
62. 泰山不辭土石，故能成其高.(태산불사토석, 고능성기고.) / 266
[16] ≪사기(史記)≫ ···························································268
63. 桃李不言, 下自成蹊.(도리불언, 하자성혜.) / 270
64. 忠言逆耳利於行, 良藥苦口利於病.(충언역이리어행, 양약고구리어병.) / 272
65. 敗軍之將, 不可以言勇.(패군지장, 불가이언용.) / 274
66. 燕雀安知鴻鵠之志哉.(연작안지홍곡지지재.) / 276
[17] ≪한서(漢書)≫ ···························································278
67. 臨淵羡魚, 不如退而結網.(임연선어, 불여퇴이결망.) / 280
[18] ≪후한서(後漢書)≫ ···················································282
68. 疾風知勁草，歲寒見後凋.(질풍지경초，세한견후조.) / 284
69. 貧賤之知不可忘, 糟糠之妻不下堂.(빈천지지불가망, 조강지처불하당.) / 286
70. 志士不飮盜泉之水，廉者不受嗟來之食.(지사불음도천지수, 렴자불수차래지식.) / 288
[19] ≪삼국지(三國志)≫, ≪삼국지연의(三國志演義)≫ ··········290
71. 謀事在人, 成事在天.(모사재인, 성사재천.) / 292
72. 可懷以德, 難屈以力.(가회이덕, 난굴이력.) / 294
[20] ≪자치통감(資治通鑑)≫ ··············································296
73. 兼聽則明，偏信則暗.(겸청즉명，편신즉암.) / 298
[21] ≪안씨가훈(顔氏家訓)≫ ··············································300
74. 窮鳥入懷，仁人所憫.(궁조입회，인인소민.) / 302
[22] 기타 ·········································································305
75. 德者才之主，才者德之奴.(덕자재지주，재자덕지노.) / 306
76. 淸能有容, 仁能善斷.(청능유용, 인능선단.) / 308
77. 知者行之始, 行者知之成.(지자행지시, 행자지지성.) / 310
78. 繩鋸木斷, 水滴石穿.(승거목단, 수적석천.) / 312
79. 精誠所至, 金石爲開.(정성소지，금석위개.) / 314
80. 山不厭高, 海不厭深, 周公吐哺, 天下歸心.(산불염고, 해불염심, 주공토포, 천하귀심.) / 316
81. 武人不亂, 智人不詐, 仁人不黨.(무인불란，지인불사，인인불당.) / 318
82. 勿以善小而不爲, 勿以惡小而爲之.(물이선소이불위, 물이악소이위지.) / 320
83. 國以民爲本，民以食爲天.(국이민위본，민이식위천.) / 322
84. 以責人之心責己，以恕己之心恕人.(이책인지심책기，이서기지심서인.) / 324
85. 一勤天下無難事, 百忍堂中有泰和.(일근천하무난사, 백인당중유태화.) / 326
86. 飮水思源.(음수사원.) / 328
87. 以令率人不若身先.(이령솔인불약신선.) / 330
88. 孤莫孤於自恃.(고막고어자시.) / 332
89. 流水不腐, 戶樞不蠹.(유수불부, 호추부두.) / 334
90. 盛年不重來, 一日難再晨.(성년부중래, 일일난재신.) / 336