중국 고문 기초

서문 ······················································································ﾷ 3

제1부 한자의 기본 원리 및 구성 ············································· 11
1. 한자의 특성 ·······································································ﾷ 13
2. 육서(六書) ········································································· 18
3. 한자 자체(字體)의 발전 ·························································ﾷ 24
4. 한자찾기 ···········································································ﾷ 36
5. 필순(筆順) ········································································· 48
6. 어휘구성(구와 단어) ····························································ﾷ 49
제2부 중국어 고문의 문법이해 ··············································ﾷ 51

I. 고문의 품사 ········································································ 53
1. 명사 ·············································································ﾷ 53
2. 동사 ·············································································· 54
3. 형용사 ··········································································ﾷ 54
4. 수사 ·············································································· 54
5. 양사 ·············································································· 59
6. 대명사 ···········································································ﾷ 63
7. 부사 ··············································································ﾷ 64
8. 전치사 ···········································································ﾷ 67
9. 접속사 ···········································································ﾷ 68
10. 조사 ············································································ﾷ 70
11. 감탄사 ·········································································· 73
II. 고문의 구조 ······································································· 75
1. 주술 구조(주어＋서술어) ···················································· 75
2. 술목 구조(서술어＋목적어) ················································· 75
3. 술보 구조(서술어＋보어) ····················································· 76
4. 수식 구조(수식어＋피수식어) ··············································ﾷ 76
5. 병렬 구조 ·······································································ﾷ 76
III. 구 ··················································································ﾷ 77
1. 주술구 ··········································································· 77
2. 술목구 ··········································································· 78
3. 수식구 ··········································································· 78
4. 연합구 ··········································································· 79
5. 동등구 ··········································································· 79
6. 겸어구(兼語句) ································································ 79
7. 연동구(連動句) ································································ 80
8. 전치사구 ········································································ 80
IV. 주요 문형 ········································································ﾷ 81
1. 판단문 ··········································································· 81
2. 서술문 ··········································································· 82
3. 부정문 ··········································································· 83
4. 의문문 ··········································································· 84
5. 피동문 ··········································································· 85
6. 사역문 ···········································································ﾷ 85
7. 반어문 ···········································································ﾷ 86
8. 비교문 ···········································································ﾷ 87
9. 감탄문 ··········································································· 88
V. 문장성분 ··········································································· 89
1. 주어 ·············································································ﾷ 89
2. 술어 ·············································································· 90
3. 목적어 ···········································································ﾷ 90
4. 관형어 ···········································································ﾷ 91
5. 부사어 ··········································································· 92
6. 보어 ··············································································ﾷ 93
VI. 품사의 활용 ·····································································ﾷ 95
1. 명사의 동사화 ·································································ﾷ 95
2. 동사ﾷ형용사ﾷ명사의 사역 용법 ·············································· 96
3. 형용사ﾷ명사의 意動 용법 ····················································ﾷ 98
4. 명사의 부사화 ·································································ﾷ 99
5. 동사의 부사화 ································································ 103
제3부 단문독해 ··································································ﾷ 105
I. 단문연습(1) ······································································ﾷ 107
1. 상용성어 ······································································· 107
2. 명구 ··········································································· 112
II. 단문연습(2) ·····································································ﾷ 115
1. 守株待兎 ······································································· 115
2. 矛與楯 ·········································································ﾷ 118
3. 鄭人買履 ······································································· 122
4. 狐假虎威 ······································································· 125
5. 畵蛇添足 ······································································· 129
6. 鷸蚌相爭 ······································································ 132
7. 朝三暮四 ······································································· 137
8. 塞翁之馬 ······································································ﾷ 141
9. 刻舟求劍 ······································································· 145
10. 螳螂捕蟬 ····································································ﾷ 149
11. 勸學 ···········································································ﾷ 154
12. 敎學相長 ·····································································ﾷ 162
13. 苛政猛於虎 ··································································ﾷ 166
14. 小國寡民 ·····································································ﾷ 170
15. 馬說 ···········································································ﾷ 174
16. 陋室銘 ········································································ 178
17. 鄒忌諷齊王納諫 ····························································ﾷ 183
18. 孟子選讀 ·····································································ﾷ 189
19. 論語選讀 ·····································································ﾷ 194
20. 愚公移山 ····································································· 202
제4부 고전 명작 독해 ·························································· 211
1. 大學 ············································································· 213
2. 孟子-王無罪歲章 ····························································· 216
3. 漁父辭 ·········································································· 219
4. 諫逐客書 ······································································ﾷ 222
5. 孟嘗君列傳-鷄鳴狗盜 ······················································ﾷ 230
6. 出師表 ·········································································· 235
7. 陳情表 ·········································································ﾷ 242
8. 桃花源記 ······································································ 248
9. 春夜宴桃李園序 ······························································ 252
10. 師說 ··········································································· 255
11. 捕蛇者說 ·····································································ﾷ 259
12. 朋黨論 ········································································ 263
13. 岳陽樓記 ···································································· 268
14. 前赤壁賦 ·····································································ﾷ 272
15. 愛蓮說 ········································································ 279
제5부 시(詩)와 사(詞) ·························································· 281
1. 七步詩 ·········································································· 283
2. 登鸛雀樓 ······································································ﾷ 285
3. 靜夜思 ·········································································ﾷ 286
4. 送杜少府之任蜀州 ···························································ﾷ 287
5. 山居秋暝 ······································································ﾷ 290
6. 登高 ············································································· 293
7. 望江南 ·········································································· 296
8. 憶江南 ·········································································ﾷ 297
9. 虞美人 ·········································································· 299
10. 定風波 ········································································ 301

大學之道, 在明明德, 在親民, 在止於至善。 知止而后有定, 定而后能靜, 靜而后能安, 安而后能慮, 慮而后能得。 物有本末, 事有終始,知所先後,則近道矣。古之欲明明德於天下者,先治其國。欲治其國者,先齊其家。欲齊其家者, 先修其身。欲修其身者, 先正其心。欲正其心者, 先誠其意。欲誠其意者,先致其知,致知在格物?物格而后知至,知至而后意誠,意誠而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齊,家齊而后國治,國治而后天下平。自天子以至於庶人,壹是皆以修身爲本。其本亂,而末治者否矣。其所厚者薄,而其所薄者厚, 未之有也。(經)

『대학(大學)』: 『논어(論語)』『맹자(孟子)』『중용(中庸)』과 함께 사서(四書)의 하나이다. 『대학』은 본래 『중용』과 더불어서 『예기(禮記)』 중에 한 편(42편)이었던 것으로 장절(章節)의 구분이 없었다. 그러다가 송(宋)나라의 주희(朱熹)가 『사서장구(四書章句)』를 편찬하면서 정이(程?)의 견해에 따라 경(經) 1장(章), 전(傳) 10장으로 나누었다. 그러면서 주희는 경은 공자(孔子)의 말한 것을 증자(曾子)가 기술한 것이고, 전은 증자의 풀이를 그 제자들이 기록한 것이라고 하였다. 주된 내용은 삼강령(三綱領) 팔조목(八條目)으로 대표되는 유가의 윤리?정치의 이념을 기록 설명하였다.