Cybercrime in the Republic of Korea 2

FOREWORD i

DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF CYBERCRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS OF THE KOREAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY: INTRODUCTION TO THE VIRTUAL FORUM AGAINST CYBERCRIME
(LEE, YOUNMI & LEE, SEUNGJIN) 1

Ⅰ. Introduction 1

Ⅱ. Cybercrime Prevention Programs Developed by theKorean Institute of Criminology 4
A. Research Projects and Programs on Cybercrime Prevention 4
B. The Virtual Forum against Cybercrime 4
Ⅲ. Achievements of the Virtual Forum against Cybercrime 8
A. Development and Launch of the Online Training Program 8
B. Development and Launch of the Research Network 16
C. Management of the VFAC Website 19

Ⅳ. Future Goals of KIC Cybercrime Prevention Programs 22

Ⅴ. Conclusion 23

THE CURRENT STATE OF RESPONSE TO CYBERCRIME BY THE
PUBLIC PROSECUTORS’ OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
(LEE, YOUNG JOO & KIM, YOUNG DAE) 25

Ⅰ. Background 25
Ⅱ. Organization of the Cybercrime Investigation Unit 27
Ⅲ. Primary Tasks of the Cybercrime Investigation Unit 28
A. Investigation Activities 28
B. Enhancement of Investigation Competence in Cybercrime 29
C. Empowerment of Digital Forensic Investigation 29
D. Promotion of International Cooperation and Assistance in Investigation among Related Organizations 31
Ⅳ. Examples of Major Cybercrime Investigations 33
A. DDoS Attack on the National Election Commission Website 33
B. Distribution of Digitally-manipulated Images of Celebrities 34
C. Database Leak from Chauffeur Service Companies 34
D. Disclosure of Financial Fraud Organizations that Engaged inVoice Phishing 35
E. Small-sum Fraud Exploiting the Loophole of WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) on Mobile Phones 36
F. Disclosure of Advertisement Companies using Illegal Keyboard Hooking Programs 36
G. Collusion between Illegal Predatory Lenders and Mobile Communications Agencies 37
H. Illegal Selection of Government-ordered Construction through Computer Hacking 38
I. Korea-China-Japan International Smishing Fraud 39
V. Conclusion 39


RESPONSES TO CYBERCRIME BY THE KOREAN NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY (KIM, JAE WOON) 41

Ⅰ. Introduction 41
Ⅱ. Development of Cybercrime Investigation Organizations 41
A. Hacker Investigation Squad 41
B. Computer Crime Investigation Team 43
C. Cyber Terror Response Center 44
Ⅲ. Recruitment of Cyber Police and Educational Training 45
A. Size of Cyber Police Workforce 45
B. Recruitment of Cyber Police 46
C. Educational Training of Cyber Police 47
Ⅳ. National Cyber Terror Response Activities 48
Ⅴ. Cybercrime Investigation 49
A. Receipt of Cybercrime Report and Counseling 49
B. Analysis by Types of Cybercrime 50
C. Capacity Building for Digital Evidence Analysis 52
D. Establishment of Digital Evidence Physical Restoration Bureau 52
E. Supply of Digital Forensic Equipment 52
Ⅵ. Future Regional Directions 53
THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON CYBERCRIME:
ITS MAJOR SHORTCOMINGS AND THE ROAD AHEAD
(LEE, ANGELA CHANGJIN) 55
Ⅰ. Introduction 55
Ⅱ. International Legal Instruments on Cybercrime 57
Ⅲ. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime 60
A. Historical Background 60
B. Structure of the Convention 61
Ⅳ. Major Shortcomings of the Convention 64
A. Definitions 65
B. Jurisdiction, Extradition and Mutual Assistance 67
C. Reservations 70
D. Concerns regarding Personal Privacy and Civil Liberties 71
E. Further Concerns 73
V. Conclusion 75


THE EQUIVALENCE OF KOREAN SUBSTANTIVE CYBERCRIME LAW
TO THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON CYBERCRIME
(JOYCE, MICHAEL) 79
Ⅰ. Introduction 79
Ⅱ. International Efforts 80
Ⅲ. Enhancing International Cooperation 81
Ⅳ. A Common Understanding 83
Ⅴ. Developing a Common Language for Cybercrime Cooperation 84
Ⅵ. Cybercrime Legislation in Korea 85
Ⅶ. Equivalence to the CoE Convention on Cybercrime 87
A. Definitions 88
B. Against the Machine 90
C. Computer Related Offences 99
D. Content-Related Offences 104
E. Ancillary liability and sanctions 117
F. Sanctions and measures 123
Ⅷ. Coclusion 126

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF VOICE PHISHING FRAUD:
LEGISLATION AND POLICY IMPLICATION
(YOON, HAE SUNG) 133
Ⅰ. Introduction 133
Ⅱ. Review of Amendment Direction on The Definition of Regulation for Voice Phishing Fraud Crime 134
A. Understanding National and International Trends and Analysis of Types 134
B. Review of National and International Definition of Regulation 136
C. Seeking an Amendment Direction 138
Ⅲ. Review of Amendment Direction on the Definition of Penal Provisions on Voice Phishing Fraud Crime 139
A. Analysis of Types 139
B. Punishment of Fraud Under the Criminal Code 140
C. Indirect Principle Offender of Fraud By Using Computer, etc. 142
D. International Trend 143
E. Seeking an Amendment Direction 147
Ⅳ. Conclusion 150


CRIMINAL LAW AGAINST ELECTION CAMPAIGN ON SNS
(CHUN, HYUN WOOK) 153
Ⅰ. Introduction 153
Ⅱ. Non-Criminalization of Campaign Activities on the sns 155
A. Difficulties in Distinguishing Simple Expressions of Political Opinions and Campaign Activities on the SNS 155
B. Ambiguity of the Prerequisites in Paragraph 1, Article 93 of Election Law 158
C. Provisions that Allow Campaign Activities Using the SNS in Current Election Act 161
Ⅲ. Regulation of The Methods of Campaign Activities Using sns 162
A. Whether SNS can be Included in the Campaign Activity Methods Allowed 162
B. Types of Still Prohibited SNS Election Campaign 165
Ⅳ. Conclusion 170
ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES FOR KOREA’S CYBER
SECURITY SYSTEMS REGULATIONS AND POLICIES
(SOUNG, JEA HYEN) 171
Ⅰ. Introduction 171
Ⅱ. Korea’s Cyber Security Laws and Policy Implementation 172
A. Status of Korea’s Cyber Security Management System 173
B. The National Cyber Security Strategy Council and the National Cyber Security Taskforce Committee 174
C. National Cyber Security Center 175
D. Information Communications Infrastructure Protection Committee 176
E. The Private Information Conflict Mediation Commission 176
F. Industrial Technology Protection Committee 178
G. Software Industry Conflict Mediation Committee 179
Ⅲ. Problems and Improvements of Cyber Security Systems 179
Ⅳ. Conclusion 183