한국 교육정책의 패러독스 : 연구와 실제

서장 교육정책 패러독스의 탐구 관점
1 정책 패러독스의 개념 고찰 ······································································································2
2 정책 패러독스의 탐구 동향 ······································································································6
3 정책 패러독스의 조건과 유형 ································································································11
가. 정책 패러독스의 발생 조건 / 11 나. 정책 패러독스의 유형 / 12
4 교육정책 패러독스의 원인과 결과 ·························································································15
가. 정책 패러독스의 원인 / 16 나. 정책 패러독스 결과 / 19
5 교육정책 패러독스의 종합 모형 ····························································································21

PART 01 정치와 정책 패러독스
CHAPTER 01 국가, 시장 그리고 폴리스: 5·31 교육개혁의 정책 패러독스
1 5·31 교육개혁의 새로운 해석 ·················································································27
2 정책 패러독스와 신자유주의 교육개혁 ·················································································28
가. 정책 패러독스: 국가, 시장, 그리고 폴리스 / 28
나. 신자유주의와 교육개혁 / 33
3 5·31 교육개혁의 패러독스 ···································································································35
가. 5·31 교육개혁의 시대적 배경 / 35
나. 5·31 교육개혁에서 ‘자율성’과 ‘공공성’의 의미 / 38
4 교육개혁의 새로운 방향 ··········································································································43

PART 02 정책 목표와 패러독스
CHAPTER 02 자유와 평등: 사교육비 경감정책의 패러독스
1 사교육비 경감정책의 새로운 해석 ·························································································49
2 사교육비 경감정책과 패러독스 ······························································································51
가. 사교육비 경감정책 / 51 나. 정책 패러독스 / 55
다. 패러독스의 ‘이상한 고리’와 시스템 다이내믹스 / 61
3 분석을 위한 틀 ························································································································65
4 사교육비 경감정책의 패러독스 현상 ·····················································································68
가. 정책 패러독스의 발생구조 / 68 나. 자유－평등 패러독스의 역동적 연속구조 / 70
5 향후 사교육비 경감정책의 개선 ····························································································76
CHAPTER 03 효율성: 농산어촌 소규모학교 통폐합 정책의 패러독스
1 소규모학교 통폐합 정책의 재해석 ························································································80
2 소규모학교 통폐합 정책과 패러독스 ·····················································································81
가. 소규모학교 통폐합 정책 / 81 나. 정책 패러독스와 효율성 / 84
다. 분석을 위한 틀 / 87
3 농산어촌 소규모학교 통폐합 정책의 ‘효율성’ 패러독스 ·····················································89
가. 시장모형 vs 폴리스 모형 / 89 나. 효율성 패러독스 양상 / 93
4 농산어촌 소규모학교 통폐합 정책의 패러독스 현상 분석 ·················································95
가. 정책 목표로서 효율성과 형평성의 충돌 / 95
나. 경제적 비용과 편익에 대한 해석의 충돌 / 96
다. ‘적정규모’에 대한 해석 충돌 / 97
5 소규모학교 통폐합 정책 개선을 위한 제언 ··········································································98
CHAPTER 04 교육복지: 초등돌봄교실 정책의 패러독스
1 초등돌봄교실 정책의 새로운 이해 ·····················································································104
2 초등돌봄교실 정책과 패러독스 ·····························································································105
가. 초등돌봄교실 정책 / 105 나. 교육복지정책의 패러독스 / 106
3 자료의 수집 및 분석 ·············································································································108
가. 자료수집 / 108 나. 자료 분석 / 110
4 초등돌봄교실 정책 패러독스 현상 분석 ··············································································111
가. 운영목적의 패러독스 / 111 나. 운영 주체의 패러독스 / 115
다. 운영내용의 패러독스 / 120
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································123
CHAPTER 05 자율성: 대학 구조개혁 정책의 패러독스
1 대학 구조개혁 정책의 새로운 시각 ·····················································································128
2 대학 구조개혁 정책과 패러독스 ···························································································129
가. 대학 구조개혁 정책 / 129 나. 정책 패러독스 / 134
3 분석 틀과 방법 ·······················································································································138
가. 분석 틀 / 138 나. 분석자료 및 분석방법 / 139
4 대학 구조개혁 정책의 패러독스 현상 ·················································································140
가. 정책목표 간의 가치 충돌 / 140
나. 평가지표 및 평가운영 방식을 둘러싼 가치 충돌 / 144
다. 대학 컨설팅을 둘러싼 가치 충돌 / 148
5 향후 대학 구조개혁 정책을 위한 제언 ···············································································149
CHAPTER 06 안전: 코로나19에 따른 학교 교육에서의 패러독스
1 코로나19에 따른 학교 교육의 변화 ····················································································154
2 코로나19의 패러독스 ·············································································································155
3 자료수집 및 분석 ···················································································································158
4 코로나19에 따른 학교 교육에서의 패러독스 현상 ····························································160
가. 학교의 역할 / 160 나. 학교공동체 / 166
다. 구조 / 171
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································174

PART 03 정책 문제와 패러독스
CHAPTER 07 상징: 미래교육 정책의 패러독스
1 미래교육 정책의 새로운 이해 ······························································································183
2 미래교육 정책과 패러독스 ····································································································185
가. 미래교육 정책 / 185 나. 교육정책 패러독스와 상징 / 189
다. 분석 틀 / 193
3 미래교육에 관한 상징적 장치 ······························································································195
가. 변화에 관한 이야기 / 195 나. 권력을 활용한 이야기 / 198
다. 비유적 표현을 통한 상징적 선언 / 200
4 미래교육 정책의 패러독스 현상 분석 ·················································································202
가. 미래교육위원회 설립 목표와 현실의 불일치 / 202
나. 미래교육정책의 구체적 실현 방안 부족 / 204
다. 상징의 모호성으로 인한 현장의 자발적 노력 / 206
5 미래교육 정책을 위한 제언 ··································································································209
CHAPTER 08 숫자: 지방교육재정 확보 및 운용과정에서의 정책 패러독스
1 지방교육재정에 대한 정치적 해석 ·······················································································214
2 지방교육재정과 패러독스 ······································································································216
가. 교육재정의 확보와 운용 / 216 나. 정책 패러독스 / 224
3 분석 틀과 방법 ·······················································································································228
가. 분석 틀 / 228 나. 분석방법 / 229
4 지방교육재정의 확보 및 운용과정에서의 패러독스 현상 분석 ········································230
가. 재원확보 관련 쟁점 / 230 나. 재정 운용 관련 쟁점 / 234
다. 논의 / 237
5 향후 지방교육재정 확보 및 운용을 위한 제언 ··································································239
CHAPTER 09 인과관계: 자유학년(기)제의 정책 패러독스
1 자유학년(기)제 정책의 의도되지 않은 현상 ·······································································243
2 자유학년(기)제와 패러독스 ···································································································244
가. 중학교 자유학년(기)제 / 244
나. 인과관계 이론적 관점에서의 교육정책 패러독스 / 246
다. 분석 틀 / 248
3 연구방법 ··································································································································249
가. 문헌연구방법 / 249 나. 자료수집 및 분석 / 250
4 원인 패러독스 관점에 따른 중학교 자유학년제의 패러독스 분석 ··································251
가. 자유학년제 패러독스의 원인에 대한 상이한 관점 / 252
나. 자유학년제 패러독스를 둘러싼 이해관계자들의 원인 활용 / 262
5 결론 및 정책적 시사점 ··········································································································265
CHAPTER 10 이해관계: 사학정책의 패러독스
1 사학정책 이해의 새로운 관점 ······························································································272
2 문재인 정부 사학정책과 패러독스 ·······················································································272
가. 문재인 정부의 사학정책 / 272 나. 패러독스 관점 / 278
3 분석방법 ··································································································································282
가. 정책 패러독스와 내러티브의 연관성 / 283
나. 정책 내러티브의 구성요소와 전략 / 283
4 문재인 정부 사학정책의 패러독스 현상 분석 ····································································284
가. 정치적 대의와 동원과정에서 나타난 패러독스 / 284
나. 규범적 가치를 위한 정책 내러티브 활용과정에서 드러난 패러독스 / 288
다. 정책 효과의 비용과 강도 묘사 과정에서 나타난 패러독스 / 292
5 향후 사학정책을 위한 제언 ··································································································297
CHAPTER 11 의사결정: 대학등록금 정책변동의 패러독스
1 코로나19 이후 대학등록금 정책의 변동 ·············································································300
2 대학등록금 정책변동과 패러독스 ·························································································302
가. 대학등록금 정책의 변동과정 / 302 나. 패러독스 관점 / 305
3 분석 틀과 방법 ·····················································································································309
가. 분석의 틀 / 309 나. 자료수집 방법 / 310
다. 자료분석 방법 / 311
4 언론기사 분석결과와 패러독스 현상 ···················································································311
가. 대학등록금 반환에 관해 언론사별 기사 분석 / 311
나. 언론사 기사를 통해 표출된 학생·대학·정부의 입장 분석 / 313
다. 대학등록금 반환 논쟁 과정에서 나타난 패러독스 현상 / 317
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································321

PART 04 정책해결책과 패러독스
CHAPTER 12 인센티브: 교원성과급 정책의 패러독스
1 교원성과급 정책에 대한 새로운 접근 ·················································································329
2 교원성과급 정책과 패러독스 ································································································330
가. 교원성과급 정책 / 330 나. 정책 패러독스 / 332
다. 분석 틀 / 334
3 교원성과급 정책의 패러독스 현상 ·······················································································336
가. 교원성과급 정책에 대한 해석의 충돌 / 336
나. 보수를 구성하는 하위 체계의 충돌 / 339
다. 정책 설계자, 정책 집행자, 정책 대상자와의 간극 / 341
4 교원성과급 정책의 패러독스 발생 원인 ··············································································344
가. 하향식 접근(Top－down Approach)의 정책추진과정 / 344
나. 인센티브의 보상과 처벌을 동시에 내포하는 속성 / 346
다. 정책 설계자, 정책 집행자, 정책 대상자의 전략적 행위 / 347
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································349
CHAPTER 13 규칙: 학교업무정상화정책 시행 과정에서 나타난 패러독스
1 학교업무정상화정책에서 제기되는 문제들 ··········································································353
2 학교업무정상화정책과 패러독스 ···························································································354
가. 학교업무정상화 / 354 나. 학교업무정상화정책의 패러독스 현상 / 359
다. D. Stone의 ‘규칙’ 패러독스 / 361
3 연구방법 ··································································································································362
가. 질적 사례연구 / 362 나. 자료의 수집과 검증 / 362
4 ‘규칙’의 세가지 역설적 현상 ································································································364
가. 분석결과 / 364 나. 논의 / 369
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································370
CHAPTER 14 사실: 코로나19 대응정책의 패러독스
1 코로나19 대응정책 이해의 새로운 시각 ·············································································375
2 정책 패러독스의 이해와 분석 틀 ·························································································376
가. 정책 패러독스 현상 / 376 나. 정책수단으로서의 사실 / 378
다. 패러독스 현상 분석 틀 / 380
3 연구방법 ··································································································································382
가. 질적사례연구 / 382 나. 연구참여자 / 382
다. 자료수집 / 384 라. 자료 분석 / 385
4 코로나19 대응정책의 실행과정에서 나타난 패러독스 현상 ·············································386
가. 행위자로서의 교사의 고민 / 386 나. 학교조직과 교육정책에 대한 시선 / 391
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································394
CHAPTER 15 권리: 학생인권강화 정책의 패러독스
1 학생인권강화 정책의 새로운 이해 ·······················································································398
2 학생인권조례와 패러독스적 관점 ·························································································399
가. 학생인권조례의 제정 및 제도화 / 399 나. 패러독스 관점 / 401
다. 분석 틀 / 405
3 학생인권강화 정책의 패러독스 현상 발생 원인 ································································406
가. 학생인권강화 정책의 지나친 정치화 / 406
나. 보장과 침해의 요소를 동시에 내포하는 권리의 속성 / 407
다. 하향식(Top－down) 정책집행으로 인한 정책집행과 인권친화적 환경조성 간 괴리 408
4 학생인권강화 정책의 패러독스 결과 ···················································································410
가. 학생인권과 교권 간 갈등구도 형성 / 410 나. 적극적 실질 권리에 대한 논의 부재 / 412
5 정책적 시사점 ·························································································································413
CHAPTER 16 권력: 대입제도 개편과정에서의 패러독스
1 대입제도 개편과정의 새로운 검토 ·······················································································417
2 민주주의와 대입제도 개편과정의 패러독스 ········································································419
가. 대의민주주의와 숙의민주주의, 참여민주주의 / 419
나. Stone의 정책 패러독스와 ‘권력’ / 421 다. 분석 틀 / 425
3 대입제도 개편을 둘러싼 권력작용 ·······················································································431
가. 문재인 정부 이전: 효율성의 추구 / 431
나. 문재인 정부: 참여 확대 및 숙의민주주의 도입 시도 / 434
4 대입제도 개편 논의과정에서 나타난 패러독스 ··································································436
가. 참여 확대를 위한 의사결정 구조 전환과정에서 나타난 패러독스 / 436
나. 숙의 확대를 위한 의사결정 구조 전환과정에서 나타난 패러독스 / 438
5 정책적 함의 ····························································································································440
결장 교육정책 패러독스의 탐구 가능성과 과제
1 교육정책 패러독스의 이론 정립 ···························································································444
2 교육정책 패러독스의 연구방법 확장 ···················································································446
3 교육정책 패러독스의 실천적 기여 ·······················································································449
*참고문헌 ·····································································································································452
*찾아보기 ·····································································································································507